Klitgaardsehested9061

Moreover, forewarning recollection levels mediated the effect of processing route on this rating, which suggests that remembering forewarnings is necessary to generate counterarguments. This result expands the theory on forewarning effects and explains why people are susceptible to scam victimization. Furthermore, it provides implications for scam prevention.The genome organization and gene content of plastome (plastid genome) are highly conserved among most flowering plant species. Plastome variation (in size and gene order) is rare in photosynthetic species but size variation, rearrangements and gene/intron losses is attributed to groups of seed plants. Fabaceae (legume family), in particular the subfamily Papilionoideae and the inverted repeat lacking clade (IRLC), a largest legume lineage, display the most dramatic and structural change which providing an excellent model for understanding of mechanisms of genomic evolution. The IRLC comprises 52 genera and ca 4000 species divided into seven tribes. In present study, we have sampled several representatives from each tribe across the IRLC from various herbaria and field. The ycf4 gene, which plays a role in regulating and assembly of photosystem I, is more variable in the tribe Fabeae than in other tribes. In certain species of Lathyrus, Pisum and Vavilovia, all belonging to Fabeae, the gene is either absent or a pseudogene. Our study suggests that ycf4 gene has undergone positive selection. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of the gene is locus and lineage specific and is not a shared character of the IRLC in legumes.Pedestrian dynamics models the walking movement of individuals in a crowd. It has recently been used in the analysis of procedures to reduce the risk of disease spread in airplanes, relying on the SPED model. This is a social force model inspired by molecular dynamics; pedestrians are treated as point particles, and their trajectories are determined in a simulation. selleck compound A parameter sweep is performed to address uncertainties in human behavior, which requires a large number of simulations. The SPED model's slow speed is a bottleneck to performing a large parameter sweep. This is a severe impediment to delivering real-time results, which are often required in the course of decision meetings, especially during emergencies. We propose a new model, called CALM, to remove this limitation. It is designed to simulate a crowd's movement in constrained linear passageways, such as inside an aircraft. We show that CALM yields realistic results while improving performance by two orders of magnitude over the SPED model.Basketball is a court-based team-sport that requires a broad array of demands (physiological, mechanical, technical, tactical) in training and competition which makes it important for practitioners to understand the stress imposed on the basketball player during practice and match-play. Therefore, the main aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the training and match-play demands of basketball in elite, sub-elite, and youth competition. A search of five electronic databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane) was conducted until December 20th, 2019. Articles were included if the study (i) was published in English; (ii) contained internal or external load variables from basketball training and/or competition; and (iii) reported physiological or metabolic demands of competition or practice. Additionally, studies were classified according to the type of study participants into elite (20), sub-elite (9), and youth (6). A total of 35 articles were included in the systematic review. Results indicate that higher-level players seem to be more efficient while moving on-court. When compared to sub-elite and youth, elite players cover less distance at lower average velocities and with lower maximal and average heart rate during competition. However, elite-level players have a greater bandwidth to express higher velocity movements. From the present systematic review, it seems that additional investigation on this topic is warranted before a "clear picture" can be drawn concerning the acceleration and deceleration demands of training and competition. It is necessary to accurately and systematically assess competition demands to provide appropriate training strategies that resemble match-play.BACKGROUND Snakebite envenoming is a major global health problem that kills or disables half a million people in the world's poorest countries. Biting snake identification is key to understanding snakebite eco-epidemiology and optimizing its clinical management. The role of snakebite victims and healthcare providers in biting snake identification has not been studied globally. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to identify and characterize the practices in biting snake identification across the globe. METHODS Epidemiological studies of snakebite in humans that provide information on biting snake identification were systematically searched in Web of Science and Pubmed from inception to 2nd February 2019. This search was further extended by snowball search, hand searching literature reviews, and using Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened publications and charted the data. RESULTS We analysed 150 publications reporting 33,827 snakebite cases across 35 countries. On average 70% of victims/bystanderslogy and snakebite epidemiology and ultimately improve snakebite management.Plasma from patients with dengue-like symptoms was collected in 2013 to 2016 from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Amapa. 781 samples testing negative for IgM against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and for flaviviruses, alphaviruses and enteroviruses RNA using RT-PCRs were analyzed using viral metagenomics. Viral particles-associated nucleic acids were enriched, randomly amplified, and deep sequenced in 102 mini-pools generating over 2 billion reads. Sequence data was analyzed for the presence of known and novel eukaryotic viral reads. Anelloviruses were detected in 80%, human pegivirus 1 in 19%, and parvovirus B19 in 17% of plasma pools. HIV and enteroviruses were detected in two pools each. Previously uncharacterized viral genomes were also identified, and their presence in single plasma samples confirmed by PCR. Chapparvovirus and ambidensovirus genomes, both in the Parvoviridae family, were partially characterized showing 33% and 34% identity in their NS1 sequences to their closest relative. Molecular surveillance using pre-existing plasma from febrile patients provides a readily scalable approach for the detection of novel, potentially emerging, viruses.Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) can cause significant economic losses due to decreased quality in cucurbit crops. The current study is the first to use reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for detection of MNSV. A set of four LAMP primers was designed based on the coat protein gene sequence of MNSV, and a RT-LAMP reaction was successfully performed for 1 h at 62°C. The results of RT-LAMP showed high specificity for MNSV and no cross-reaction with other viruses. Compared to traditional reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP assay was 103-fold more sensitive in detecting MNSV. Due to its sensitivity, speed and visual assessment, RT-LAMP is appropriate for detecting MNSV in the laboratory.The role of fathers in (co-)parenting their children among refugee and disadvantaged families in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains poorly understood. This study sought to examine the associations among mothers' perceptions of their husband's involvement (hereafter referred to as paternal involvement), and her perceptions of her own well-being and a number of other variables, as well as observed mother-child interactions in families living in refugee and disadvantaged communities in Beirut, Lebanon. We analyzed baseline data from 104 mother-child dyads (mean age of children = 4.34 years; range = 2.05 to 7.93 years of age) who participated in a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the impact of the Mother-Child Education Program in Beirut. In addition to the mother's perception of paternal involvement and the videotaped mother-child interactions, data were collected concerning the mother's well-being and her level of social support, as well as her level of stress as a parent and the wayunities or humanitarian settings. Paternal involvement should be considered when designing and implementing parenting programs in LMICs.Here we describe an industry-wide collaboration aimed at assessing the binding properties of a comprehensive panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), an important checkpoint protein in cancer immunotherapy and validated therapeutic target, with well over thirty unique mAbs either in clinical development or market-approved in the United States, the European Union or China. The binding kinetics of the PD-1/mAb interactions were measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using a Carterra LSA instrument and the results were compared to data collected on a Biacore 8K. The effect of chip type on the SPR-derived binding rate constants and affinities were explored and the results compared with solution affinities from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and Kinetic Exclusion Assay (KinExA) experiments. When using flat chip types, the LSA and 8K platforms yielded near-identical kinetic rate and affinity constants that matched solution phase values more closely than those produced on 3D-hydrogels. Of the anti-PD-1 mAbs tested, which included a portion of those known to be in clinical development or approved, the affinities spanned from single digit picomolar to nearly 425 nM, challenging the dynamic range of our methods. The LSA instrument was also used to perform epitope binning and ligand competition studies which revealed over ten unique competitive binding profiles within this group of mAbs.OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined by the criteria according to the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) diagnostic criteria for GDM. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Six secondary and tertiary delivery hospitals in Finland in 2009. POPULATION Pregnant women (N = 4,033) and their offspring. METHODS We used data on comprehensive screening of pregnant women with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), performed between gestational weeks 24 and 40. OGTT glucose concentrations were used to identify women who fulfilled IADPSG and NICE criteria. While cut-offs according to Finnish national criteria partly overlapped with both criteria, a subgroup of IADPSG- or NICE-positive GDM women remained undiagnosed by Finnish criteria and hence non-treated. They were analysed as subgroups and compared to controls who were negative with all cut-offs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES GDM prevalence, birth weight SD score (BWSDS), large for gestational age (LGA) and caesarean section (CS) rates. RESULTS Among the 4,033 women screened for GDM, 1,249 (31.0%) and 529 (13.1%) had GDM according to the IADPSG and NICE criteria, respectively. The LGA rate was similar in both groups. Regardless of the diagnostic criteria, women with GDM had a higher risk of induced delivery and CSs than controls. In IADPSG-positive non-treated women, offspring's BWSDS and CS rate were higher than in controls. CONCLUSIONS GDM prevalence was 2.4-fold higher according to the IADPSG compared with the NICE criteria but the LGA rate did not differ. BWSDS and CS rate were increased already with mild untreated hyperglycaemia.