Kjerdowney2250

Therefore, we speculate that hsa_circ_0002062 could serve as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HPH.Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors and has high migration and invasion capacity. In this study, we attempted to establish a multigene signature for predicting the prognosis of COAD patients. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential gene expression analysis methods were first applied to identify differentially co-expressed genes between COAD tissues and normal tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COAD dataset and GSE39582 dataset, and a total of 309 overlapping genes were screened out. Then, our study employed TCGA-COAD cohort as the training dataset and an independent cohort by merging the GES39582 and GSE17536 datasets as the testing dataset. After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for these overlapping genes and overall survival (OS) of COAD patients in the training dataset, a 13-gene signature was constructed to divide COAD patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with significantly different OS. The testing kers for prognosis and the immune response in COAD.Mendelian randomization makes use of genetic variants as instrumental variables to eliminate the influence induced by unknown confounders on causal estimation in epidemiology studies. However, with the soaring genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies, the pleiotropy, and linkage disequilibrium in genetic variants are unavoidable and may produce severe bias in causal inference. In this study, by modeling the pleiotropic effect as a normally distributed random effect, we propose a novel mixed-effects regression model-based method PLDMR, pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium adaptive Mendelian randomization, which takes linkage disequilibrium into account and also corrects for the pleiotropic effect in causal effect estimation and statistical inference. We conduct voluminous simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed and existing methods. Simulation results illustrate the validity and advantage of the novel method, especially in the case of linkage disequilibrium and directional pleiotropic effects, compared with other methods. In addition, by applying this novel method to the data on Atherosclerosis Risk in Communications Study, we conclude that body mass index has a significant causal effect on and thus might be a potential risk factor of systolic blood pressure. The novel method is implemented in R and the corresponding R code is provided for free download.Normal development of plants is inhibited by inadequate light in winter in greenhouses in Northwest China. Growth lamps, using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with red blue light (7R2B), were used to supplement daylight for 1, 2, and 3 h. Seedling growth, photosynthesis, and photosynthetic product; the Calvin cycle key and sugar metabolism-related enzymes and their encoding genes; and the light signal sensing regulation of key gene expression were studied in greenhouse cucumbers under three treatments to determine the best supplemental light durations to enhance cucumber cultivation in greenhouses in winter. Treatment with LED red and blue light for 3 h significantly promoted the growth and development of cucumbers, root growth, and dry matter accumulation. It improved the photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigment content, and light energy utilization efficiency in cucumbers. Supplementation with red and blue LED light for 3 h upregulated the expression levels of key genes encoding the Calvin cycle and enzymes related to sugar metabolism in cucumber leaves, which promoted the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthates. The expression levels of phytochrome B, cryptochrome 1, and hypocotyl 5 in the cucumber leaves were also significantly upregulated after 3 h of light supplementation. Combined LED red and blue light for 3 h should be used to supplement natural light to enhance the cucumber cultivation in greenhouses in winter.Gene editing technology in woody plants has great potential for understanding gene function, and altering traits affecting economically and ecologically important traits. Gene editing applications in woody species require a high genome editing efficiency due to the difficulty during transformation and complexities resulting from gene redundancy. In this study, we used poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa), which is a model hybrid for studying wood formation and growth. We developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit multiple genes simultaneously. Using this system, we successfully knocked out multiple targets of the PHYTOENE DESATURASE 8 in poplar. We found the mutation rate of our CRISPR/Cas9 system is higher (67.5%) than existing reports in woody trees. We further improved the mutation rate up to 75% at editing sites through the usage of the mannopine synthase (MAS) promoter to drive Cas9. The MAS-CRISPR/Cas9 is an improved genome-editing tool for woody plants with a higher efficiency and a higher mutation rate than currently available technologies.The C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) plays a critical role in aluminum (Al) resistance and low phosphate (Pi) response mainly through promoting the expression of the malate transporter-encoding gene ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1 (AtALMT1). We previously showed that REGULATION OF ATALMT1 EXPRESSION 3 (RAE3/HPR1), a core component of the THO/TREX complex, is involved in the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic STOP1 mRNA export to modulate Al resistance and low Pi response. Here, we report that RAE2/TEX1, another core component of the THO complex, is also involved in the regulation of Al resistance and low Pi response. Mutation of RAE2 reduced the expression of STOP1-downstream genes, including AtALMT1. rae2 was less sensitive to Al than rae3, which was consistent with less amount of malate secreted from rae3 roots than from rae2 roots. Nevertheless, low Pi response was impaired more in rae2 than in rae3, suggesting that RAE2 also regulates AtALMT1-independent pathway to modulate low Pi response. Furthermore, unlike RAE3 that regulates STOP1 mRNA export, mutating RAE2 did not affect STOP1 mRNA accumulation in the nucleus, although STOP1 protein level was reduced in rae2. Introduction of rae1 mutation into rae2 mutant background could partially recover the deficient phenotypes of rae2. Together, our results demonstrate that RAE2 and RAE3 play overlapping but distinct roles in the modulation of Al resistance and low Pi response.To develop crops capable of withstanding challenges posed by climate change, breeding strategies must focus on addressing multiple stresses occurring concurrently in plants. Leaf epidermal structures such as trichomes, stomata, and epidermal cells play an important role in mediating plant defense and could be essential traits that impart wide-ranging tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, it is important to inform on the underlying diversity in these traits in lentil germplasm (Lens spp.). A-1155463 mw In this study, we characterized foliar microstructures of 12 genotypes belonging to seven wild and cultivated Lens species. We performed scanning electron microscopy on leaflet and pod surfaces for their qualitative characterization. For quantitative characterization, we observed surface imprints via light microscopy and quantified trichome density (TD), trichome length (TL), stomatal density (SD), epidermal cell density (ECD), and stomatal index (SI) on adaxial and abaxial leaflet surfaces for each genotypD and TL are quantitative in nature. While taxonomic implications of this study are limited, a detailed description of agronomically relevant morphophysiological traits presented in this paper along with the mode of inheritance of trichomes may serve as a resource for scientists developing lentil adapted to concurrent biotic and abiotic stresses of the future.The identification of efficient molecular markers related to low bolting tendency is a priority in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding. This study aimed to identify SNP markers associated with low bolting tendency by establishing a genome-wide association study. An elaborate 3-year field trial comprising 13 sugar beet lines identified L14 as the one exhibiting the lowest bolting tendency along with an increased survival rate after autumnal sowing. For SNP discovery following phenotyping, contrasting phenotypes of 24 non-bolting and 15 bolting plants of the L14 line were sequenced by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). An association model was established with a set of 10,924 RAD-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The allelic status of the most significantly associated SNPs ranked based on their differential allelic status between contrasting phenotypes (p less then 0.01) was confirmed on three different validation datasets comprising diverse sugar beet lines and varieties adopting a range of SNP detection technologies. This study has led to the identification of SNP_36780842 and SNP_48607347 linked to low bolting tendency and can be used for marker-assisted breeding and selection in sugar beet.It is known that undamaged plants that have been exposed to volatiles from damaged con- or heterospecific plants become more resistant against herbivores. This is one of the plants' induced resistant responses against herbivores. To test whether this response can be used for rice production, we conducted the following experiments over 2 years (2012 and 2013). Rice seedlings were first planted in the rice seedling bed for 2 weeks in early May. There, half of the rice seedlings were exposed to artificially damaged weed volatiles three times for 12 days (treated plants). Weeds were randomly collected from the areas that were >100 m away from the seedling bed and the rice paddy fields. The remaining seedlings were not exposed (control plants). In the middle of May, bunches (ca. three seedlings per bunch) were transplanted to the rice paddy field. In July, leaf damage was observed. The total number of leaves in the treated and control plants was not significantly different. In contrast, the total number of damaged leaves in the treated plants was significantly lower than that in the control plants. In September, rice grains were harvested. The average weight of a rice grain from the treated and control plants was not significantly different. However, the weight of grains per bunch of treated plants was significantly higher than that of control plants; this indicated a significant increase of the number of grains by 23% in 2012 and by 18% in 2013 in the treated plants compared to that in the control plants. The volatiles emitted from the weeds included monoterpenoids (40.4% in total), green leaf volatiles (46.5%), short-chain alcohols (5.3%), short-chain ketone (5.4%), short-chain acetate (0.5%), short-chain aldehyde (1.1%), and hydrocarbon (0.7%). These results suggest that exposure of volatiles from artificially damaged weeds to rice seedlings has the potential to increase rice production.Understanding how environmental change alters the composition of plant assemblages is a major challenge in the face of global climate change. Researches accounting for site-specific trait values within forest communities help bridge plant economics theory and functional biogeography to better evaluate and predict relationships between environment and ecosystem functioning. Here, by measuring six functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration, leaf nitrogen/phosphorus, wood density) for 292 woody plant species (48,680 individuals) from 250 established permanent forest dynamics plots in five locations across the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (SEBLF) in China, we quantified functional compositions of communities by calculating four trait moments, i.e., community-weighted mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The geographical (latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational) patterns of functional trait moments and their environmental drivers were examined.