Kirkegaardskovgaard0026

A higher ARGs degradation (83.46%) was observed by EFTR compared with that under chlorination (10.23%) and UV (27.07%). Accordingly, EFTR reduced the HGT frequency (0.69) of released ARGs into the recipient (Forward transfer), and the value was lower than that by chlorination (2.69) and UV (1.73). Meanwhile, the surviving injured E. coli 10667 (sul) with increased cell permeability was transferred by plasmid RP4 from the donor (Reverse transfer) with a higher frequency of 0.33 by EFTR compared with that under chlorination (0.26) and UV (0.16). In addition, the sul3 gene was the least resistant to EFTR than sul1 and sul2 gene. These findings provide important insights into the mechanism of HGT between the injured E. coli 10667 (sul) and environmental bacteria. EFTR is a promising disinfection technology for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance.Estuaries are expected to contribute large nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, however the environmental controls and implications of N2O emissions have not been well understood. Here we investigated water N2O concentrations, fluxes and sources in wet and dry seasons for 2019-2020 in five subtropical estuaries spanning hydrologic characteristics and nitrogen concentrations gradient. Water dissolved N2O concentrations and fluxes were in a range of 15.8-84.9 nmol L-1 and 0.66-22.2 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. These studied estuaries were oversaturated in N2O, with the saturations of 118-615%. Water dissolved N2O concentrations, saturations and fluxes increased significantly as nitrogen concentrations increase, whereas they did not differ significantly between the wet and dry seasons. Water N2O emissions, however, were also lower in the estuaries characterized by large discharge and water flow. N2O saturations and fluxes were determined directly by water nitrogen and oxygen concentrations and more indirectly by water temperature and velocity. MPP+ iodide mouse The δ15N-N2O and site preference-N2O varied respectively from 2.86 to 11.31‰ and from 1.58 to 11.72‰, which overlapped the values between nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification and denitrification were responsible for 18.7-38.1% and 61.9-81.3% of N2O emissions, respectively. Indirect N2O emission factors were 0.08-0.14% and decreased with increasing total nitrogen concentrations. It is estimated that water N2O emissions in CO2 equiv could offset approximately 4.9% of average CO2 sink of China estuaries. Therefore, these results suggest that nitrogen concentrations and hydrologic characteristics together modify N2O emissions and that estuaries may be the important contributors to N2O emissions.The microcosmic mechanisms underlying filamentous bulking remain unclear. The role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) governed by quorum sensing (QS) in deteriorating sludge floc stability and structure during filamentous bulking and the feasibility of using quorum quenching (QQ) to maintain sludge floc stability and structure and sludge settling were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the concentration of C6HSL increased from 22.08±3.22 ng/g VSS to 81.42±5.98 ng/g VSS during filamentous bulking. The filamentous bacteria gradually evolved the hdtS gene related to the synthesis of C6HSL with increases in the population density. Triggered QS by filamentous bacteria proliferation induced variation in the composition and structure of EPS within the sludge flocs. The proteins (PN) content of the EPS increased evidently from 40.06 ± 2.41 mg/g VSS to 110.32 ± 4.32 mg/g VSS, and the polysaccharides (PS) content slightly increased during filamentous bulking. The upregulated proteins in theking. This study provides new information regarding the microcosmic mechanisms of filamentous bulking.With recent initiatives to ban bisphenol A (BPA) in certain commercial products, manufacturers shifted to the production and use of BPA analogues. However, some of these BPA alternatives still possess endocrine disruptive activities. Many fungal enzymes are known to biodegrade phenolic compounds, such as BPA. However, the activity of these enzymes on BPA analogues remains unexplored. This study reports a secreted laccase from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe longicolla capable of degrading an impressive range of bisphenol analogues. The secreted crude enzymes are optimally active at pH 5 from 39 °C to 60 °C, efficiently degrading BPA as well as BPA analogues BPB, BPC, BPE and BPF. A purified form of laccase was identified from the crude fungal extract using FPLC and peptide sequencing. Furthermore, BPA induced the expression of this D. longicolla laccase gene. Overall, this paper demonstrated that the crude laccase enzyme from D. longicolla metabolizes BPA and select analogues, implicating the potential role of this fungus to remove environmental bisphenols.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. Cortical deteriorations, including cortical porosity, are key factors in fracture susceptibility in CKD. Since secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in CKD individuals and contributes to cortical deterioration, we hypothesized that reducing parathyroid hormone (PTH) may modulate CKD-induced cortical porosity. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the effects of lowering PTH, via the preclinical analogue of the FDA-approved calcimimetic etelcalcetide (KP-2326), on the development and progression of cortical pores in the setting of CKD.

Male Cy/+ Sprague Dawley rats with clinical biochemistries consistent with CKD (N=8) were assigned to the study. At 30-32weeks of age, cortical bone was assessed via In vivo μCT and blood collected for biochemistries to create baseline measures. Calcimimetic treatment with KP-2326 (KP) was then administered 3× weekly for 2-4weeks. Cortical bone and biochemical parameters were repeated setting of CKD.

Our pilot preclinical study demonstrates that etelcalcetide treatment can mitigate the progression of cortical bone changes in an animal model of CKD through suppression of pre-existing cortical pore expansion and limiting the size of new pore development. While stabilization of porosity is beneficial it remains likely that infilling of porosity will be needed to positively affect mechanical properties of bones in the setting of CKD.

Animal and human cross-sectional data suggest that bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) may respond to mechanical loads and exercise. We conducted the first randomised controlled trial of exercise on MAT modulations in humans.

Forty patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (NSCLBP) were enrolled in a six-month single-blinded randomised controlled trial (ACTRN12615001270505). Twenty patients loaded their spines via progressive upright aerobic and resistance exercises targeting major muscle groups (Exercise). Twenty patients performed non-weightbearing motor control training and manual therapy (Control). Testing occurred at baseline, 3-months (3mo) and 6-months (6mo). Lumbar vertebral fat fraction (VFF) was measured using magnetic resonance imaging axial mDixon sequences.

When compared to baseline (percent change), lumbar vertebral fat fraction (VFF; measured using magnetic resonance imaging axial mDixon sequences) was lower in Exercise at 3mo at L2 (-3.7[6.8]%, p=0.033) and L4 (-2.6[4.1]%, p=0.015), but not in Control. There were no between-group effects. The effects of Exercise on VFF were sex-specific, with VFF lower in men at L2, L3, L4 at 3mo and at L1, L2, L3 and L4 at 6mo (p all≤0.05), but not in women. Leg and trunk lean mass were increased at 3mo in Exercise. Changes in VFF correlated significantly with changes in total fat (ρ=0.40) and lean (ρ=-0.41) masses, but not with lumbar BMD (ρ=-0.10) or visceral adipose tissue volume (ρ=0.23).

This trial provided first prospective evidence in humans that a moderate exercise intervention may modulate lumbar VFF as a surrogate measure of MAT at 3mo, yet not 6mo. The effect of exercise on MAT may be more prominent in males than females.

This trial provided first prospective evidence in humans that a moderate exercise intervention may modulate lumbar VFF as a surrogate measure of MAT at 3mo, yet not 6mo. The effect of exercise on MAT may be more prominent in males than females.

Evaluate inter-rater and intrarater reliability of a novel scoring tool for surgical complexity assessment of endoscopic hysterectomy.

Validation study.

Academic medical center.

Total of 11 academic obstetrician-gynecologists with varying years of postresidency training, clinical practice, and surgical volumes.

Application of a novel scoring tool to evaluate surgical complexity of 150 sets of images taken in a standardized fashion before surgical intervention (global pelvis, anterior cul-de-sac, posterior cul-de-sac, right adnexa, left adnexa). Using only these images, raters were asked to assess uterine size, number, and location of myomas, adnexal and uterine mobility, need for ureterolysis, and presence of endometriosis or adhesions in relevant locations. Surgical complexity was staged on a scale of 1 to 4 (low to high complexity).

Number of postresidency years in practice for participating surgeons ranged from 2 to 15, with an average of 8 years. A total of 8 obstetrician-gynecologists (72.7%) evaluation capabilities and achieved moderate inter-rater and intrarater agreement. The tool can be used in conjunction with or instead of traditional markers of surgical complexity such as uterine weight, estimated blood loss, and operative time.

This novel scoring tool uses clinical assessment of preintervention anatomic images to stratify the surgical complexity of endoscopic hysterectomy. It has rich and comprehensive evaluation capabilities and achieved moderate inter-rater and intrarater agreement. The tool can be used in conjunction with or instead of traditional markers of surgical complexity such as uterine weight, estimated blood loss, and operative time.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy, safety, and healthcare resource use of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LAP-RFA) compared with myomectomy in patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas (ULs).

This was a secondary analysis of the original postmarket randomized, multicenter, longitudinal, comparative TRUST (Treatment Results of Uterine Sparing Technologies) United States trial in patients with symptomatic ULs. After the procedure, subjects were followed over a 12-month period.

Multicenter trial, including hospitals with or without an academic affiliation, surgery centers, and fertility centers performing outpatient procedures for uterine myomas.

A total of 57 patients were randomized to either LAP-RFA (n=30) or myomectomy (n=27).

LAP-RFA or myomectomy (laparoscopic or abdominal).

The main outcome measures of this study were part of the secondary outcomes of the original TRUST trial. The primary outcome of this study was the reduction of UL symptoms and the improvemenmyomectomy in the treatment of ULs. These data points build on previously published studies showing that LAP-RFA has lower healthcare resource use overall, including lower postprocedure hospitalization rate and shorter length of stay. In clinical practice, LAP-RFA is a promising treatment approach to ULs for women.