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Outcomes including postsurgical complications such as infection, malposition, and reoperation were analyzed.

Sixty-two patients met the inclusion criteria, corresponding to 108 breasts. The average follow-up was 18 months. The overall complication rate was 29.6% of breasts. The most commonly observed complications were mastectomy skin necrosis (9.3%) and major infection (8.3%). There was a 7.4% rate of malposition.

This simple but effective modification in ADM technique is associated with a comparable complication rate and allows for greater ease and consistency in tissue expander placement.

This simple but effective modification in ADM technique is associated with a comparable complication rate and allows for greater ease and consistency in tissue expander placement.

Radiation therapy causes histopathologic changes in tissues, including fibrosis, loss of tissue planes, and vascular damage, which can lead to chronic wound formation. Patients with nonhealing, irradiated wounds and comorbidities that affect microvasculature suffer a "double hit", which leads to delayed wound healing. Local wound care and grafts are commonly insufficient. In this study, we evaluated limb salvage outcomes and long-term complications after free tissue transfer (FTT) in patients with chronic, irradiated leg wounds.

We retrospectively reviewed patients with irradiated lower extremity wounds who underwent FTT from 2012 to 2017. Primary outcomes included limb salvage, ambulation, and overall flap success. Reconstruction involved complete excision of irradiated tissue and coverage with well-vascularized tissue.

Seven free flaps in six patients were identified. Average age was 68.4 years and average BMI was 27.8 kg/m

. Comorbid conditions included hypertension (57.1%), peripheral vascular disereby avoiding prolonged wound care and patient burden. Successful limb salvage outcomes can be achieved.

To evaluate the dynamics of S. venezuelensis infection in Wistar rats of different age ranges.

Thirty-five (n=35, 7 per group) male Wistar rats were distributed according to age into five groups 2, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months old (mo). The rats were infected by S. venezuelensis and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were measured at 3, 9, 15 and 21 days post-infection (dpi). All animals were killed at 21 dpi, thymus, lungs and small intestines were removed, and relative weight calculated. The adult worms recovered from the small intestines and blood cells were counted.

Rats in advanced age presented higher parasite oviposition at 9 dpi and posterior reduction of EPG, while young rats still showed higher oviposition at 15 dpi and 21 dpi. At 12 and 18mo, the rats had greater number of adult worms, which with low fecundity, eosinophilia and least concentration of monocytes. The fecundity of worms was more expressive in young rats. A strong correlation was observed between age and EPG at 9 dpi (R=0.72, p<0.0001), at 15 (R=-0.66, p<0.0001) and at 21 dpi (R=-0.65, p<0.0001), as well as age and numbers of worms at 21 dpi (R=0.74, p<0.0001). The relative weight of the thymus, lungs and small intestines were higher in rats at 2 and 3mo in comparison to the older groups of rats.

Aging process interfered on host-parasite relationship and changed the dynamics of infection of S. venezuelensis in Wistar rats.

Aging process interfered on host-parasite relationship and changed the dynamics of infection of S. venezuelensis in Wistar rats.Oxidative stress, a cytopathic outcome of excessive generation of ROS and the repression of antioxidant defense system for ROS elimination, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including diabetes and its complications. Retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes, is the primary cause of acquired blindness in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress has been verified as one critical contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Oxidative stress can both contribute to and result from the metabolic abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia, mainly including the increased flux of the polyol pathway and hexosamine pathway, the hyper-activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Moreover, the repression of the antioxidant defense system by hyperglycemia-mediated epigenetic modification also leads to the imbalance between the scavenging and production of ROS. Excessive accumulation of ROS induces mitochondrial damage, cellular apoptosis, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and structural and functional alterations in retina. Therefore, it is important to understand and elucidate the oxidative stress-related mechanisms underlying the progress of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the abnormalities correlated with oxidative stress provide multiple potential therapeutic targets to develop safe and effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy. Here, we also summarized the main antioxidant therapeutic strategies to control this disease.

Data regarding injuries in community-based wheelchair sport athletes is limited and long-term management of injuries and their impact upon participation unexplored. Little data examines benefits and barriers to wheelchair sports participation across the community.

The prevalence and nature of injuries sustained by wheelchair sports participants and injury prevention and management strategies will be associated with level of sports participation.

Cross-sectional survey.

Members of Wheelchair Sports New South Wales (WSNSW) completed a questionnaire developed from interviews with sports participants. Items examined demographics, sports played, injuries sustained, prevention and management practices, benefits and barriers to participation. check details Injury types and their management were collected for the previous 12 months.

Seventy-one questionnaires were returned. Injuries were sustained by 59% of respondents, with 28% reporting injuries in the past twelve months. Injuries most frequently affected the shoulder ulti-faceted. Injury types, their management and prevention strategies were identified. Perceived benefits were found in the domains of health, socialisation and skills. Strategies aimed at raising participation rates should focus on promoting the physical, social and skill-related benefits.