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with MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy imaging, respectively. All cements were cytocompatible and viability of cells incubated in extracts of cements was higher than observed in the control group. Based on the outcomes, SA/DCP bone cements have a promising future to be utilized as bone filler.Cyclic testing of human hair reveals important details about the behaviour of fibres over many cycles of loading. Phenomena which are observed under static tensile tests give important clues about the form and behaviour of hair fibres, but these do not necessarily remain constant on the inevitable march to failure. In previous work, we demonstrated that curly fibres exhibited a toe-region during tensile tests. The form of curly fibres could be altered by mechanical manipulation but the curl could be recovered upon immersion in water. In this study, where straight and curly fibres are subject to cyclic loading, this characteristic toe-region was shown to be present in the first cycle of loading (for curly fibres). As the number of cycles increased (and the curly fibres progressively became straighter), the stress-strain response of curly fibres started to resemble that of straight fibres. This observation supports our previous hypothesis, which states that the toe-region can be attributed to the presence of a hydrogen bonding mechanism, which is present in curly fibres only, and can be altered by mechanical force. Interestingly, the alteration in load-bearing pattern in curly fibres did not necessarily translate to increased endurance, demonstrating that the relationship between fatigue and strength is a complex one in hair fibres.The era of 'Big Data' provides opportunities for researchers to have deep insights into traffic safety. By taking advantages of 'Big Data', this study proposes a data-driven method to develop a Copula-Bayesian Network (Copula-BN) using a large-scale naturalistic driving dataset with multiple features. The Copula-BN is able to explain the causality of a risky driving maneuver. As compared with conventional BNs, the Copula-BN developed in this study has the following advantages the Copula-BN 1. Has a more rational and explainable structure; 2. Is less likely to be over-fitting and can attain more satisfactory prediction performance; and 3. Can handle not only discrete but also continuous features. In terms of technical innovations, Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) is used for feature selection, while Gaussian Copula function is employed to build the dependency structure of the Copula-BN. As for applications, the Copula-BNs are used to investigate the causality of risky lane-changing (LC) and car-following (C accident diagnosis system to enhance road traffic safety.Countries scoring high on the Democracy Index developed by The Economist Intelligence Unit have fewer traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants than countries scoring low on this index. The statistical relationship between democracy score and fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants is statistically highly significant and robust with respect to control for potentially confounding factors. A similar relationship exists between democracy score and the number of traffic fatalities per 100,000 motor vehicles. The statistical relationship between level of democracy and level of road safety is strong, although the analyses reported in this paper do not justify a causal interpretation of the relationship. Changes over time in government effectiveness (one of the indicators of the World Governance Index developed by the World Bank) are weakly associated with changes in road safety performance.

The paper presents a systematic analysis of drivers' crash avoidance response during crashes and near-crashes and developed a machine learning-based predictive model that can determine driver maneuver using pre-incident driver behavior and driving context.

We analyzed 286 naturalistic rear-end crashes and near-crashes from the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study. All the events were manually reduced using face video (face and forward) and kinematic responses. In this paper, we developed new reduction variables that enhanced the understanding of drivers' gaze behavior and roadway attention behavior during these events. These features reflected how the event criticality, measured using time to collision, related to drivers' pre-incident behavior (secondary behavior, gaze behavior), and drivers' perception of the event (physical reaction and maneuver). The imperative understanding of such relations was validated using a random forest- (RF) based classifier, which efficiently predicted if a driver was going to bnear crashes) was analyzed for prediction of drivers' maneuver and determined key behavioral and contextual factors that contribute to this avoidance maneuver.

In this paper we analyzed driving context, drivers' behavior, event criticality, and drivers' response in a unified structure to predict their avoidance response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort where large-scale naturalistic data (crashes and near crashes) was analyzed for prediction of drivers' maneuver and determined key behavioral and contextual factors that contribute to this avoidance maneuver.

To examine whether the Wijma Delivery Expectation Questionnaire (W-DEQ-A) and the one-item Fear of Childbirth-Postpartum-Visual Analogue Scale (FOCP-VAS) - measuring high FOC - are useful tools in predicting requested and received non-urgent obstetric interventions in pregnant women.

A prospective cohort study.

Self-selected pregnant women from midwifery care settings (n=401).

W-DEQ-A and FOCP-VAS were assessed at two timepoints in pregnancy. selleck compound Measures of non-urgent obstetric interventions which were derived from medical files were induction of labour, epidural analgesia, augmentation with oxytocin due to failure to progress and self-requested caesarean section. Hierarchical logistics regression models were used.

The change in the Nagelkerke R

was examined for three models predicting two outcome measures (1) explicitly requested non-urgent obstetric interventions during pregnancy and (2) received non-urgent obstetric interventions during labour. The first model only included participants' characteristics, the second model also included FOCP-VAS ≥5, and in the third model the W-DEQ-A ≥66 was added.