Kilicrojas6629
Finally, the potential biomedical applications of these agents are briefly prospected.The detection of biomolecules using various biosensors with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, is of great significance in the analytical and biomedical fields toward achieving their practical applications. Noble metal nanoparticles are favorable candidates due to their unique optical, surface electrical effect, and catalytic properties. Among these noble metal nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have been widely employed for the detection of bioactive substances such as glucose, glutamic acid, and hormones. However, there is still a long way to go before the potential challenges in the practical applications of biomolecules are fully overcome. Bearing this in mind, combined with our research experience, we summarized the recent progress of the Pt NP-based biosensors and highlighted the current problems that exist in their practical applications. The current review would provide fundamental guidance for future applications using the Pt NP-based biosensors in food, agricultural, and medical fields.Objective Metabolic diseases have been a clinical challenge worldwide and a major public health issue. Very few studies from China investigated the impact of metabolic multimorbidity on healthcare and health outcomes at the national level. This study aims to examine the association of metabolic multimorbidity with health service utilization, spending, functional and mental health. Materials and Methods This is a nationally representative cross-sectional study, utilizing the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015, including 11,377 participants aged 45 years and older. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association of metabolic multimorbidity with healthcare, out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), the activities of daily living (ADL) limitation, the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitation, and depression. Results Overall, 30.50% of total participants had metabolic multimorbidity in 2015 in China. Compared with single disease, metabolic multimorbidity were associated with the number of outpatient visits [incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.62] and days of inpatient care (IRR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28, 1.81). Metabolic multimorbidity was positively associated with the OOPE on outpatient care (coefficient = 82.99, 95% CI = 17.70, 148.27) and physical functional difficulties, including ADL limitation (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.57). Conclusions Metabolic multimorbidity is associated with higher levels of health-care service use, greater expenditure for outpatient care, and more difficulties in ADL among Chinese adults. China's health-care systems need to shift from single-disease models to new financing and service delivery models to effectively manage metabolic multimorbidity.Background The asymptomatic proportion is a critical epidemiological characteristic that modulates the pandemic potential of emerging respiratory virus, which may vary depending on the nature of the disease source, population characteristics, source-host interaction, and environmental factors. Methods We developed a simple likelihood-based framework to estimate the instantaneous asymptomatic proportion of infectious diseases. Taking the COVID-19 epidemics in Hong Kong as a case study, we applied the estimation framework to estimate the reported asymptomatic proportion (rAP) using the publicly available surveillance data. We divided the time series of daily cases into four stages of epidemics in Hong Kong by examining the persistency of the epidemic and compared the rAPs of imported cases and local cases at different stages. Results As of July 31, 2020, there were two intermittent epidemics in Hong Kong. The first one was dominated by imported cases, accounting for 63.2% of the total cases, and the second one was dominated by local cases, accounting for 86.5% of the total cases. The rAP was estimated at 23.1% (95% CI 10.8-39.7%) from January 23 to July 31, and the rAPs were estimated at 22.6% (95% CI 11.1-38.9%) among local cases and 38.7% (95% CI 9.0-72.0%) among imported cases. Our results showed that the rAPs of local cases were not significantly different between the two epidemics, but increased gradually during the first epidemic period. In contrast, the rAPs of imported cases in the latter epidemic period were significantly higher than that in the previous epidemic period. Conclusion Hong Kong has a high rAP of imported COVID-19 cases and should continue to strengthen the detection and isolation of imported individuals to prevent the resurgence of the disease.Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intestinal microbiota and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of feces. Omaveloxolone The first sample was collected within 48 h after birth, then once per week until the NEC diagnosis, and finally 1-2 weeks after treatment or 28 days after birth. Results The alpha diversity of the microbiota in the NEC group was higher than that in the control group. Beta diversity analysis showed that the control group had a higher similarity at the onset of NEC, while the NEC group was distributed in subgroups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size and taxonomic composition analyses indicated that the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria in NEC infants at birth was much higher than that in the control group, and this trend continued until NEC occurred. At this time, Rhizobiales, Dysgonomonas, Ochrobactrum, Ralstonia, Pelomonas, Acinetobacter, etc., were also more abundant ntify the cause of NEC.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the surgical hospitalist system on postoperative outcomes and hospital costs for surgical patients.
We reviewed the medical records of 522 patients who were admitted to the divisions of colorectal and gastrointestinal surgery for operation from September to December 2017 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea. All patients were divided into 2 groups; one that was managed by surgical hospitalists group (HG) and another that was managed by non-hospitalist residents group (NHG) after elective surgery. Postoperative outcomes and hospital costs were analyzed for each group.
Two hundred ninety-eight patients were managed by HG and 189 patients were managed by NHG after surgery. The length of hospital stay in the first group was shorter (9.6 ± 5.8 days
12.2 ± 7.9 days, P < 0.001), the incidence of complications was lower (44.6%
55.6%, P = 0.019), and the readmission rate was lower (3.0%
6.9%, P = 0.046) in the HG than in the NHG. The difference in total hospital costs was not significant between the HG and the NHG (₩8,381,304
₩9,242,493, P = 0.559), but surgery-independent hospital costs were lower in the HG than in the NHG (₩3,020,873
₩3,923,308, P = 0.001).
The surgical hospitalist system reduced the length of hospital stay, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the readmission rates of surgical patients. This led to the effect of a reduction in total hospital costs.
The surgical hospitalist system reduced the length of hospital stay, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the readmission rates of surgical patients. This led to the effect of a reduction in total hospital costs.
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is one of the most common aortic emergencies in vascular surgery and is associated with high operative mortality and morbidity rates despite recent treatment advances. We evaluated operative mortality risks for the outcomes of emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (eEVAR)
open repair in rAAA.
Twenty patients underwent eEVAR (n = 12) or open repair (n = 8) for rAAA between 2016 and 2020. We adopted the EVAR first strategy since 2018. Primary endpoints included in-hospital mortality and 1-year survival. The outcome variables were analyzed with Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney test, and linear by linear association. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival.
There were 13 males (65.0%) and the median age of the study cohort was 78.0 years (range, 49-88 years). In-hospital mortality occurred in 7 patients (35.0%); 5 (50.0%) in the early period and 2 (20.0%) in the later period of this series. According to the procedure type, 4 (50.0%) and 3 (25.0%) in-hospital mortalities occurred in the open repair and eEVAR patients, respectively. In 6 patients (50.0%), eEVAR was performed on unfavorable anatomy. The 1-year survival of eEVAR
open repair group was 75% ± 12.5% and 50% ± 17.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, preoperative high-risk indices, postoperative acute renal failure requiring dialysis, pulmonary complications, and prolonged mechanical ventilation were associated with higher operative mortality.
The current data showed relatively superior outcomes with eEVAR
open repair for rAAA, even in some patients with unfavorable anatomy supporting the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EVAR first strategy.
The current data showed relatively superior outcomes with eEVAR vs. open repair for rAAA, even in some patients with unfavorable anatomy supporting the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EVAR first strategy.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been accepted as a standard treatment for stage II-III rectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer and effects on overall survival (OS) of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in South Korea.
Patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer from 2014 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed from the database of the National Quality Assessment program in South Korea. Patients were categorized into the upfront surgery group and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group. We evaluated factors associated with the administration of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and its effects on OS. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed to account for baseline differences between subgroups.
A total of 6,141 patients were categorized into the upfront surgery group (n = 4,237) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (n = 1,904). The neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was more frequently administered to male, midrectal cancer, and younger patients. In the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group, old age, underweight, and pathologic stage were significant risk factors of OS, and male sex, the level of tumor and clinical stages were not associated with OS. After adjustment, the OS of the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group followed the OS of the upfront surgery group of the same pathologic stage.
Male sex and the level of tumor were not related to the OS of rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The OS of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was decided by their pathologic stages regardless of clinical stages.
Male sex and the level of tumor were not related to the OS of rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The OS of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was decided by their pathologic stages regardless of clinical stages.
