Kiliccoughlin3838

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Loss of an eye has a negative impact on the psychological health of a person. BACKGROUND The aims are to (a) identify the concerns of experienced prosthetic eye wearers in representative areas of India; (b) investigate how they change over time; (c) study how some demographic characteristics influence concerns; and (d) compare prosthetic eye concerns in India versus Germany and New Zealand. METHODS This observational multi-centre study was conducted in the cities of Mumbai, Bengaluru and Delhi. Subjects aged from 18 to 65 years, with experience of at least two years of wearing a prosthetic eye fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate material, completed a validated questionnaire over the telephone. ONO-AE3-208 mw The questionnaire captured demographic data and general and prosthetic eye concerns at the time of eye loss and at the present time. RESULTS At the time of eye loss, the five main concerns of participants were health of the remaining eye; change in appearance; comfort; colour of the prosthesis; and movement of the prosthesis. However, after at least two years these concerns were significantly reduced (p  less then  0.05). The main present-day concern was watering, crusting and discharge, which was experienced by 81.1 per cent of the participants, 55.5 per cent of them on a daily basis. Compared with other demographic groups, blue-collar workers had higher odds of being concerned about the health of the remaining eye and least odds about prosthesis motility. Homemakers had higher odds of being concerned about wearing comfort and students had higher odds of being concerned about wearing comfort, appearance and health of the remaining eye. CONCLUSION Initial concerns significantly reduce after two years. Watering, crusting and discharge are the most important current concerns for anophthalmic participants. © 2020 Optometry Australia.The effectiveness of liver regeneration limits surgical therapies of hepatic disorders and determines patient outcome. Here, we investigated the role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) for liver regeneration after acute or chronic injury. Mice deficient for the CGRP receptor component receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy or repeated intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride. RAMP1 deficiency severely impaired recovery of organ mass and hepatocyte proliferation after both acute and chronic liver injury. Mechanistically, protein expression of the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was decreased in regenerating livers of RAMP1-deficient mice. Lack of RAMP1 was associated with hyperphosphorylation of YAP on Ser127 and Ser397, which regulates YAP functional activity and protein levels. Consequently, expression of various YAP-controlled cell cycle regulators and hepatocyte proliferation were severely reduced in the absence of RAMP1. In vitro, CGRP treatment caused increased YAP protein expression and a concomitant decline of YAP phosphorylation in liver tissue slice cultures of mouse and human origin and in primary human hepatocytes. Thus, our results indicate that sensory nerves represent a crucial control element of liver regeneration after acute and chronic injury acting through the CGRP-RAMP1 pathway, which stimulates YAP/TAZ expression and activity. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Copper is a required micronutrient for bacteria and an essential cofactor for redox-active cuproenzymes. Yet excess copper is extremely toxic, and is exploited as a bacteriocide in medical and biotechnological applications and also by the mammalian immune system. To evade copper toxicity, bacteria not only control intracellular copper homeostasis, but they must also repair the damage caused by excess copper. In this review, we summarize the bacterial cell-wide response to copper toxicity in Enterobacteria. Tapping into the abundant research data on two key organisms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, we show that copper resistance requires both the direct copper homeostatic response and also the indirect accessory pathways that deal with copper-induced damage. Since patterns of copper response are conserved through the Proteobacteria, we propose a cell-wide view of copper detoxification and copper tolerance that can be used to identify novel targets for copper-based antibacterial therapeutics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The π coordination of arene and anionic heteroarene ligands is a ubiquitous bonding motif in the organometallic chemistry of d-block and f-block elements. By contrast, related π interactions of neutral heteroarenes including neutral bora-π-aromatics are less prevalent particularly for the f-block, due to less effective metal-to-ligand backbonding. In fact, π complexes with neutral heteroarene ligands are essentially unknown for the actinides. We have now overcome these limitations by exploiting the exceptionally strong π donor capabilities of neutral 1,4-diborabenzene. A series of remarkably robust, π-coordinated thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) half-sandwich complexes were synthesized by simply combining the bora-π-aromatic with ThCl4(dme)2 or UCl4, representing the first examples of actinide complexes with a neutral boracycle as sandwich-type ligand. Experimental and computational studies showed that the strong actinide-heteroarene interactions are predominately electrostatic in nature with distinct ligand-to-metal π donation and without significant π/δ backbonding contributions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The interaction between the transcriptional co-activators CREBBP/p300 and NCOA is governed by two intrinsically disordered domains called NCBD and CID, respectively. The CID domain emerged within the NCOA protein in deuterostome animals (including vertebrates) after their split from the protostomes (molluscs, worms and arthropods). However, it has not been clear at which point a high affinity interaction evolved within the deuterostome clade and whether all present-day deuterostome animals have a high affinity NCBDCID interaction. We have here expressed and measured affinity for NCBD and CID domains from animal species representing different evolutionary branches of the deuterostome tree. While all vertebrate species have high-affinity NCBDCID interactions we found that the interaction in the echinoderm purple sea urchin is of similar affinity as that of the proposed ancestral domains. Our findings demonstrate that the high-affinity NCBDCID interaction likely evolved in the vertebrate branch and question whether the interaction between CREBBP/p300 and NCOA is essential in non-vertebrate deuterostomes.