Kilgoretange5264

BACKGROUND Complications, especially delayed alveolar healing, are common following equine cheek teeth extraction, however limited objective information is available on the prevalence and nature of these problems. OBJECTIVES To document the type and prevalence of complications that occur following equine cheek tooth extraction and to identify possible risk factors for these complications that could be used to predict their occurrence and hopefully reduce their prevalence. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Clinical records of all cheek teeth extractions performed between February 2004 and September 2018 were examined and written questionnaires sent to owners. Details of post-extraction complications were analysed and logistic regression was used to evaluate potential associations between the likelihood of post-extraction non-healing alveolus managed by the authors and the variables age, breed, reason for extraction, Triadan position and extraction technique. RESULTS Post extraction complicationsk of complications. This study provides new information regarding the prevalence, types and risk of development of post extraction complications. Knowledge of these risk factors may help reduce these complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Growth cartilage is found in the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) and the physis. It has a temporary blood supply organised as end arteries. Vascular failure is associated with osteochondrosis, but infection can also obstruct vessels. The location of bacteria was recently compared to arterial perfusion, and the results indicated that they were located in the distal tips of AECC end arteries. Systematic perfusion studies were not available for comparison to the infected physes. Further studies may improve our understanding of infections and other pathologies. OBJECTIVES To describe development of the blood supply to the growth cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in foetuses and foals from 228 days of gestation to 62 days old. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo arterial perfusion study. METHODS The left medial femoral condyle of 10 Norwegian Fjord Pony foetuses and foals (228 days of gestation to 62 days old) and one Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotter foal (10 days old) was arterially perfused d osteomyelitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Activation of brown adipose tissue is a promising strategy to increase energy consumption and reduce fat mass. G protein-coupled receptors are key druggable targets and their identification in brown adipose tissue is leading to novel ways to activate this tissue. What advances does it highlight? GPR120 is a fatty acid receptor highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. Its activation by selective ligands increases brown adipose tissue activity. This is mediated by changes in mitochondrial dynamics resulting in increased O2 consumption leading to enhanced nutrient uptake and a reduction in fat mass. ABSTRACT The identification of druggable targets to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a strategy to combat obesity due to this highly metabolically active tissue utilising thermogenesis to burn fat. Upon cold exposure BAT is activated by the sympathetic nervous system via β3-adrenergic receptors. learn more Determination of additional receptors expressed by brown, white and BRITE (Brown-In-White) fat can lead to new pharmacological treatments to activate BAT. GPR120 is a G protein-coupled fatty acid receptor that is highly expressed in BAT and further increases in response to cold. Activation of this receptor with the selective agonist TUG-891 acutely increases fat oxidation and reduces fat mass in mice. The effects are coincident with increased BAT activity and enhanced nutrient uptake. TUG-891 stimulation of brown adipocytes induces intracellular Ca2+ release which results in elevated O2 consumption as well as mitochondrial depolarisation and fission. Thus, activation of GPR120 in BAT with ligands such as TUG-891 is a promising strategy to increase fat consumption. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We examined the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) for fever and emotional stress-induced hyperthermia. Wild-type and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) knockout mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally or intravenously, or subjected to cage exchange, and body temperature monitored by telemetry. Both genotypes showed similar febrile responses to immune challenge and both displayed hyperthermia to emotional stress. Neither procedure resulted in the activation of BAT, such as the induction of UCP-1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA, or reduced BAT weight and triglyceride content. In contrast, in mice injected with a β3 agonist, UCP-1 and PGC-1α were strongly induced, and BAT weight and triglyceride content reduced. Both lipopolysaccharide and the β3 agonist, and emotional stress, induced UCP-3 mRNA in skeletal muscle. A β3 antagonist did not attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced fever, but augmented body temperature decrease and inhibited BAT activation when mice were exposed to cold. An α1 /α2b antagonist or a 5HT1A agonist, which inhibit vasoconstriction, abolished lipopolysaccharide-induced fever, but had no effect on emotional stress-induced hyperthermia. These findings demonstrate that in mice, UCP-1-mediated BAT thermogenesis does not take part in inflammation-induced fever, which is dependent on peripheral vasoconstriction, nor in stress-induced hyperthermia. However, both phenomena may involve UCP-3-mediated muscle thermogenesis. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.in English, Spanish La persistencia de las especies en peligro puede depender del destino de un número muy pequeño de animales individuales. La conservación in situ por sí sola a veces puede ser insuficiente. Bajo estas instancias, la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza proporciona directrices para la conservación ex situ y la Convención sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CBD) indica cómo el manejo ex situ puede apoyar a lograr sus objetivos al proporcionar políticas de protección para las especies. Las circunstancias que justifican el uso del manejo ex situ son inciertas. Para evaluar el actual riesgo de extinción in situ y el manejo ex situ de 43 especies de megafauna de mamíferos en peligro crítico de extinción usamos un escalamiento multidimensional no métrico, así como variables geopolíticas relacionadas con el gobierno, la economía y las políticas nacionales dentro de la distribución actual de estas especies. Después ajustamos los modelos sumativos generalizados para evaluar la contribución de cada variable a la ordinación.