Kernhuynh8211

Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the causative agent of the iridoviral disease with high mortality rates in cultured fish. Our laboratory reported the first case of RSIV infection in India which resulted in mass mortalities of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The RSIV-LC strain isolated from infected fish was subjected to complete genome sequencing and analysis. The complete genome of RSIV-LC was found to be of 111,557 bp in size having a G + C content of 53 %. The complete genome has 114 open reading frames (ORFs) of which 38 ORFs were predicted as functional proteins while the rest were hypothetical proteins. Among the ORFs 26 were found to be core genes reported earlier to be homologous in iridovirus complete genomes. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on the 26 core gene sequences, major capsid protein and ATPase genes revealed RSIV-LC in this study to belong to the genus Megalocytivirus of the RSIV-Genotype II. The present study provides the first report of the complete genome sequence and annotation of the RSIV strain isolated from India.A molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for efficient infection by several viruses. Hsp90 has been recently implicated in baculovirus infection, but its exact role remains obscure. This study investigated the effect of 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an Hsp90-specific inhibitor, on Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. The 17-AAG treatment significantly decreased the production of budded viruses and occlusion bodies in BmNPV-infected Bombyx mori cultured cells. Immunoblot and SDS-PAGE analyses showed that the expression of early and delayed early gene products, DBP and BRO, was delayed and dysregulated, and the very late gene product POLH was almost completely diminished. see more RT-qPCR experiments revealed that 17-AAG treatment did not affect initiation of the immediate early gene ie-1 expression, but the expression decreased by ∼50 % during the late stage of infection. 17-AAG treatment also decreased ie-1 promoter activity by ∼50 %. In addition, the expression of delayed early and late genes was dysregulated and inhibited, respectively. These results indicated that Hsp90 function is required for stable ie-1 transcription. Inhibiting Hsp90 function negatively affects ie-1 expression, resulting in dysregulation of delayed early genes and a severe decrease in late and very late gene expression.The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV)-based baculoviral expression vector system is among the most efficient expression vector systems for eukaryotic proteins especially when used in combination with silkworms as a host. We newly isolated a novel BmNPV strain (BmNPV H4) in Hokkaido, Japan that outperforms the type strain T3 in terms of both proliferation and expression of polyhedrin protein in silkworm larvae; however, it proliferates poorly in the BmN cell line. We inferred the gene responsible for the differences in proliferation between viral strains by quantifying amino acid similarity distances in protein functional domains and identifying highly divergent alleles between the H4 and T3 strains. Among proteins that differ markedly in functional domain sequence between H4 and T3, we identified the F gene, which encodes the F protein, as a putative cause of proliferative differences between the two strains. Using recombinant viruses with the F protein-coding sequence exchanged between H4 and T3, we determined that the T3 F protein increases H4 proliferation in BmN while the H4 F protein does not improve T3 proliferation in silkworm larvae. Our results suggest that the BmNPV F protein can strongly affect viral proliferation in a genetic background-specific manner and may be an important target for manipulating the proliferation characteristics of BmNPV-based expression vectors.Here a bioinformatic pipeline VVV has been developed to analyse viral populations in a given sample from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data. To date, handling large amounts of data from NGS requires the expertise of bioinformaticians, both for data processing and result analysis. Consequently, VVV was designed to help non-bioinformaticians to perform these tasks. By providing only the NGS data file, the developed pipeline generated consensus sequences and determined the composition of the viral population for an avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV) and three different animal coronaviruses (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)). In all cases, the pipeline produced viral consensus genomes corresponding to known consensus sequence and made it possible to highlight the presence of viral genetic variants through a single graphic representation. The method was validated by comparing the viral populations of an AMPV field sample, and of a copy of this virus produced from a DNA clone. VVV demonstrated that the cloned virus population was homogeneous (as designed) at position 2934 where the wild-type virus demonstrated two variant populations at a ratio of almost 5050. A total of 18, 10, 3 and 28, viral genetic variants were detected for AMPV, PEDV, TCoV and IBV respectively. The simplicity of this pipeline makes the study of viral genetic variants more accessible to a wide variety of biologists, which should ultimately increase the rate of understanding of the mechanisms of viral genetic evolution.

NAD-based therapeutic strategies are encouraged against obesity and heart disease. Our study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR), isolated or combined with caloric restriction (CR), both approaches well-known for stimulating NAD levels, on adiposity parameters, cardiometabolic factors and cardiac oxidative stress in rats submitted to cafeteria diet (CAF).

After 42days of CAF-induced obesity (hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods common to humans), we examined the effects of oral administration of NR (400mg/kg for 28days), combined or not with CR (-62% kcal, for 28days), on anthropometric, metabolic, tissue, and cardiac oxidative stress parameters in obese male Wistar rats.

In obese rats, treatment with NR alone mitigated final body weight gain, reduced adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous), improved insulin resistance, and decreased TG/HDL ratio and heart size. In cardiac OS, treatment with NR increased the antioxidant capacity via glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes (in rats under CR) as well as reduced the pro-oxidant complex NADPH oxidase (in obese and lean rats).