Kenneymollerup6772

Bluetongue (BT) is an emerging and re-emerging communicable vector-borne disease of animal health concern. A serosurvey was performed to assess exposure to BT virus (BTV) in zoo animals in Spain and to determine the dynamics of seropositivity in longitudinally sampled individuals during the study period. Serum samples were collected from 241 zoo animals belonging to 71 different species in five urban zoos (A-E) in Spain between 2007 and 2019. Twenty-four of these animals were longitudinally surveyed at three of the sampled zoos (zoos B, C and E) during the study period. Anti-BTV antibodies were found in 46 (19.1%; 95% CI 14.1-24.1) of the 241 captive animals analysed by commercial ELISA. A virus neutralization test confirmed specific antibodies against BTV-1 and BTV-4 in 25 (10.7%; 95% CI 6.7-14.6) and five (3.0%; 95% CI 0.3-4.0) animals, respectively. Two of the 24 longitudinally sampled individuals (one African elephant (Loxodanta africana) and one aoudad (Ammotragus lervia)) showed anti-BTV antibodies at all samplings, whereas seroconversions were detected in one mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) in 2016, and one Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in 2019. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first large-scale survey on BTV conducted in both artiodactyl and non-artiodactyl zoo species worldwide. The results confirm BTV exposure in urban zoo parks in Spain, which could be of animal health and conservation concern. find more Circulation of BTV was detected in yearling animals in years when there were no reports of BTV outbreaks in livestock. Surveillance in artiodactyl and non-artiodactyl zoo species could be a valuable tool for epidemiological monitoring of BTV.Previous analyses within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II and III cycles suggested an association between blood lead levels (BLLs) and lung cancer mortality, although the evidence was limited by small case numbers. To clarify this relationship, we conducted updated analyses of 4,182 and 15,629 participants in NHANES II and III, respectively, (extending follow-up 20 and 8 years) aged ≥20 with BLL measurements and mortality follow-up through 2014. We fit multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating BLLs and lung cancer with adjustment for smoking and other factors. We did not observe an overall association between BLLs and lung cancer after adjustment for smoking (both surveys) and serum cotinine and environmental tobacco smoke exposure (NHANES III), although suggestive associations were observed among women (NHANES II HR 2.7, 95% CI 0.7, 10.0 for ≥20.0 µg/dl vs. less then 10.0 µg/dl, Ptrend = 0.07; NHANES III HR 11.2, 95% CI 2.1, 59.4 for ≥10.0 µg/dl vs. less then 2.5 µg/dl, Ptrend = 0.04). After stratifying on smoking status, an association with elevated BLLs was observed in NHANES II only among former smokers (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3, 8.0 for ≥15 vs. less then 15 µg/dl) and in NHANES III only among current smokers (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1, 2.8 for ≥5 vs. less then 5 µg/dl). In summary, we found elevated BLLs to be associated with lung cancer mortality among women in both NHANES II and III. Given the absence of an association among non-smokers, we cannot rule out residual confounding as an explanation for our findings.

To assess the diagnostic role of chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating empyema in children with specific indications.

Nineteen children (5-16 years) with a diagnosis of empyema were enrolled in this prospective study from January 2018 to February 2020. MRI and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest was performed within 48 h of each other. Two pediatric radiologists independently evaluated the MRI and CT images for the presence of fluid and air in the pleural cavity, septations within the fluid, pleural thickening, pleural enhancement, drainage tube tip localization, consolidation, and lymphadenopathy. Kappa test of agreement was used to determine the agreement between the MRI and MDCT findings. Chance-corrected kappa statistics were used for calculating the interobserver variation.

The kappa test showed almost perfect agreement (κ = 1) between MRI and MDCT for detecting fluid, pleural thickening, pleural enhancement, drainage tube tip localization, consolidation, and lymphadenopathy. Septations within the fluid were detected in 16 (84.2%) patients on MRI, and in 14 (73.7%) patients on MDCT. Almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.81-1.00) was seen for all the findings on CT and MRI between the two radiologists, except for pleural thickening for which a strong agreement (κ = 0.642) was observed.

MRI is comparable to MDCT for the detection of various findings in children with empyema. MRI may be considered in lieu of CT, as a problem-solving tool and as a radiation-reducing endeavor in children with empyema, specifically, only where CT is required for preoperative planning and evaluation of complications.

MRI is comparable to MDCT for the detection of various findings in children with empyema. MRI may be considered in lieu of CT, as a problem-solving tool and as a radiation-reducing endeavor in children with empyema, specifically, only where CT is required for preoperative planning and evaluation of complications.

To explore nurses' experiences of caring for persons with dementia experiencing responsive behaviours in an acute hospital.

Caring for persons with dementia who have an acute medical illness and are experiencing responsive behaviours in acute hospitals can be challenging for nurses. While existing research has explored the experiences of nurses in providing dementia care in this setting, there is limited knowledge about the specific care experiences of nurses when working to meet the needs of persons with dementia who experience responsive behaviours alongside an admitting diagnosis.

A qualitative descriptive design was implemented. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nine nurses working in medical and surgical wards. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Ethical approval to conduct the study was received from the writers' university.

Three themes were found (a) challenges encountered, (b) a person-centred response and (c) dementia preparedness. Key findings about challenges encountered by nurses included the acute hospital environment; increased need for enhanced knowledge; and emotional challenges.