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9, 57.9) while long (59.6%; 95% CI 57.4, 61.7) and normal sleepers (51.9%; 95% CI 50.5, 53.2) tended to be male. As compared with normal sleep duration, 7-9h, short sleep duration was not significantly associated with obesity in the study population overall (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.83-1.08) or among males (OR=0.98; 95% CI 0.86-1.12). However, short sleep was associated with increased odds of obesity among females (OR=1.22; 95% CI 1.01-1.49).

There is sex-based heterogeneity in the association between short sleep and obesity among US adults. Further research should explore the factors responsible, and investigate the underlying mechanism.

There is sex-based heterogeneity in the association between short sleep and obesity among US adults. Further research should explore the factors responsible, and investigate the underlying mechanism.This article highlights one child and youth services agency's journey to develop and pilot a system for tracking training effectiveness for staff. Given the importance of intentional and strong staff training to the success of an agency, the purpose of this study was to report training outcomes across four-time intervals (i.e., immediately after training considered here as baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months) using a tracking system based on best practices in staff development. Results indicated that the tracking system allowed this agency to measure and describe post-training outcomes for staff across the four-time intervals. It can be inferred that such training positively influenced youth outcomes. Specifically, the training and follow-up expanded staff's ability to effectively internalize concepts and be more intentional with their time for the benefit of youth care.Given the documented underutilization of community-based services by veterans, this study aims to identify factors promoting engagement in programs. Qualitative data from interviews with 154 veterans in peer support programs were analyzed to identify factors promoting program entry and participation. Findings confirm the importance of both internal and external factors for program engagement. Internal factors included feeling a sense of disconnection, dissatisfaction with other programs, emotional needs, concrete needs, and a desire to serve others. External factors included encouragement from others, program culture, and program climate. Implications for program development and evaluation are discussed. While much of the current literature on veterans focuses on individual characteristics promoting or impeding service use, this study provides insight into programmatic features such as culture and climate which foster participation and meaningful engagement. Ultimately, programs serving veterans need input and influence by veterans, and should emphasize peer support and other opportunities for social connection.The transition from linear to circular business models, in which companies match the financial return with positive socio-environmental impact, is increasing. From this perspective, investing in projects or organizations aligned with the principles of circularity can be characterized as impact investments. However, a challenge that emerges for these investments that is gaining increasing prominence in the academic and corporate environment is related to the development of an efficient evaluation model concerning its real impact on business. Based on the Theory of Change and in the context of circular business models, this paper aims at proposing an integrative tool to evaluate impact investments and applying it to a circular business of the home appliance segment. The articulation between the ToC and circular business models can support the structuring of an evaluation model on the production logic of the desired (economic, environmental, and social) impact. Results present that an integrative tool can provide a way for companies, institutions and investors to compare the impact investment opportunities related to Circular Business Model.Electronic health services have been received with a tremendous interest world over. Patients consider hospital websites as highly important sources for health information and services. As a number of health institutes are carrying out projects to improve their websites, the need to design proper assessment means to measure whether they have achieved or are going to achieve their targets arises. Proper assessment of these websites gives us crucial information on the kind of changes needed to make them successful. To satisfy this need, an instrument called Health Sector Website Assessment Index (HSWAI) was developed, integrating the assessment of content, services, community interaction and technology features criteria, under a multi-indicator approach. Many of the considered indicators could be used to monitor progress towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which is the United Nations health-focused goal. The purpose of this study is to highlight the challenges of developing and applying the assessment instrument for health institute websites. The paper covers key issues and challenges in conceiving, designing, developing, refining and validating HSWAI, and finally in applying it to a set of Portuguese health institutes. The results of this study could provide several insights and recommendations to e-Government assessment researchers and practitioners at the national and agency levels on the development of relative e-Government assessment tools. Studies such as the current one, apart from presenting applied solutions and relative lessons learned, are valuable to the conceptualization and application of present and future e-Government assessment initiatives, regardless of the sector where the effort occurs.

Idiopathic scoliosis does not only cause structural changes in the spine, but also functional changes of the musculoskeletal system.

Does idiopathic scoliosis lead to asymmetric hip loading in severe Lenke type 1 deformity?

23 patients (18 girls, 5 boys) aged 15±2.8 years with an adolescent idiopathic main thoracic curve (Cobb angle 48.8°+/- 9.2°) were included. Measured X-ray parameters were Cobb angle of primary thoracic and secondary lumbar curve, translation of the C7- plumb line, apical thoracic vertebra and apical lumbar vertebra from the central sacral vertical line. Subjects were examined by means of kinematic and kinetic gait analysis. The symmetry index (SI) was calculated as a ratio of hip frontal moments during a single stance for both sides when the symmetrical load was considered SI =0+/- 29.36 (0+/- 1SD of the mean SI of the healthy population). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to show the relation between hip loading and radiologic measures of spinal deformity.

Only 34.8% oed to the magnitude of the main thoracic curve. On the contrary, the secondary lumbar curve plays role in the compensatory mechanism of the trunk.After accidental release of pollutants in rivers, the release estimation of the pollutant is necessary for the dealing of this accident. With the increase of people's attention to river pollution, the monitoring data of river pollution will become more and more abundant and diversified. At this point, data assimilation approaches will be more advantageous. In this paper, a new model called variational analysis inverse model (VAIM) based on the variational data assimilation is proposed to solve the pollutant release estimation problem. In the framework of the variational analysis, the conjugate gradient method and one-dimensional imprecise line search Wolfe-Powell conditions are combined to solve this problem. The implicit finite difference scheme is adopted to solve the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation. Some synthetic cases are conducted to evaluate the robustness of the proposed model under the effect of the observational error and the effect of initial estimates for release rates in the iteration. Results show that VAIM successfully recovers the accurate release. There are only slight differences among estimated releases by VAIM under different initial estimates. Field tracer experiments are used to evaluate the practicability of VAIM. Results show that the relative error between the estimated release and the real release in the field tracer experiment is only 1.2%. In conclusion, VAIM is a release estimation method with high accuracy and will play an important role in river pollution management.This study attempts to learn the groundwater salinization mechanism in the large and well-populated coastal Gujarat alluvial plain under growing anthropogenic pressures. For this purpose, geochemical compositions and 87Sr/86Sr were analyzed in 53 groundwater samples collected in the three different seasons during 2016-2017. Additionally, surface water samples collected in each season from two nearby large rivers (Narmada and Tapi) and urban sewage discharge of Surat city were also analyzed. Excluding a few salinity hotspots (EC >8-18 mS/cm), the seasonal average of EC (~2.3-2.5 mS/cm) in groundwater shows little fluctuations negating evaporation as the major salinization process. Cefodizime Localized anthropogenic inputs as traced using NO3 also fail to explain the widespread groundwater salinity. A strong marine influence on the groundwater salinity is revealed by an average Cl/Br of ~655 ± 104 mol/mol in groundwater (except a few outliers) falling close to the seawater composition. The lateral seawater intrusion at shallow depths is generally not supported by the freshening of coastal groundwater samples and generally seaward movements of shallow groundwater as indicated by regional piezometric heads. However, few (Ca)-Mg-Cl type groundwaters collected from north of the Narmada River fall in the piezometric depressions and hint at seawater intrusion and/or upconing of deep saline aquifers. The Sr isotope budget in most of the alluvial groundwater samples is controlled by the seepage groundwater-seawater mixing. Exceptional 87Sr/86Sr values owing to Sr inputs from different age terrains are found in the northeastern groundwater and a few groundwater samples collected downslope of ancient deposits in the central alluvium. The upconing of salty waters having marine signatures partly altered by aquifer-water interactions primarily governs the regional groundwater salinity, which makes the study area vulnerable to continued salinization by excessive groundwater extraction.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) continues to be a serious concern to the poultry industry as a bacterial foodborne zoonosis, which generally results in intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction or even death. Eugenol is a phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities involved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, which is expected to be an effective nonantibiotic therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effects of eugenol in the cellular and broiler models of S. Typhimurium infection and the possible underlying mechanisms. The results of animal infection showed that eugenol treatments enhanced the relative weight gains and survival rates of broilers with a reduction of the organ bacterial load and intestinal ultrastructural injury. Moreover, eugenol significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), then declined the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα of NF-κB pathway and the expressions of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-18) in duodenum tissues, while maintained the expressions of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin).