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001), A&C (p less then 0.001), and Bal (p less then 0.001). There are differences in all the variables studied according to the quarter of birth and only in manual dexterity and in the total score if compared according to gender (the scores are higher in girls).Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-sense RNA enveloped viruses, members of the family Coronaviridae, that cause infections in a broad range of mammals including humans. Several CoV species lead to mild upper respiratory infections typically associated with common colds. However, three human CoV (HCoV) species Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-1, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for severe respiratory diseases at the origin of two recent epidemics (SARS and MERS), and of the current COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), respectively. The easily transmissible SARS-CoV-2, emerging at the end of 2019 in China, spread rapidly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic. While the world waits for mass vaccination, there is an urgent need for effective drugs as short-term weapons to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, the drug repurposing approach is a strategy able to guarantee positive results rapidly. In this regard, it is well known that several nucleoside-mimicking analogs and nucleoside precursors may inhibit the growth of viruses providing effective therapies for several viral diseases, including HCoV infections. Therefore, this review will focus on synthetic nucleosides and nucleoside precursors active against different HCoV species, paying great attention to SARS-CoV-2. IPA3 This work covers progress made in anti-CoV therapy with nucleoside derivatives and provides insight into their main mechanisms of action.Biking and walking are active commuting, which is considered an opportunity to create healthy habits.

The purpose of this study was to determine the main environmental and psychosocial barriers perceived by students, leading to less Active Commuting (AC) to university and to not reaching the Physical Activity (PA) recommendations.

In this cross-sectional study, 1349 university students (637 men and 712 women) were selected. A self-reported questionnaire was applied to assess the mode of commuting, PA level and barriers to the use of the AC.

Women presented higher barriers associated with passive commuting than men. The main barriers for women were "involves too much planning" (OR 5.25; 95% CI 3.14-8.78), "It takes too much time" (OR 4.62; 95% CI 3.05-6.99) and "It takes too much physical effort " (OR 3.18; 95% CI 2.05-4.94). In men, the main barriers were "It takes too much time" (OR 4.22; 95% CI 2.97-5.99), "involves too much planning" (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.67-3.70) and "too much traffic along the route" (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.47-2.93). Psychosocial barriers were found in both sexes.

Psychosocial and personal barriers were more positively associated with passive commuting than environmental barriers. Interventions at the university are necessary to improve the perception of AC and encourage personal organization to travel more actively.

Psychosocial and personal barriers were more positively associated with passive commuting than environmental barriers. Interventions at the university are necessary to improve the perception of AC and encourage personal organization to travel more actively.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common chronic diseases that frequently co-exist. The link between OA and T2DM is attributed to common risk factors, including age and obesity. Several reports suggest that hyperglycemia and accumulated advanced glycosylation end-products might regulate cartilage homeostasis and contribute to the development and progression of OA. Metformin is used widely as the first-line treatment for T2DM. The drug acts by regulating glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. The anti-diabetic effects of metformin are mediated mainly via activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an energy sensing enzyme activated directly by an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio under conditions of metabolic stress. Dysregulation of AMPK is strongly associated with development of T2DM and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we discuss common risk factors, the association between OA and T2DM, and the role of AMPK. We also address the adaptive use of metformin, a known AMPK activator, as a new drug for treatment of patients with OA and T2DM.The recent taxonomic diversification of bacterial genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya, which cause soft rot in plants, focuses attention on the need for improvement of existing methods for the detection and differentiation of these phytopathogens. This research presents a whole genome-based approach to the selection of marker sequences unique to particular species of Pectobacterium. The quantitative real-time PCR assay developed is selective in the context of all tested Pectobacterium atrosepticum strains and is able to detect fewer than 102 copies of target DNA per reaction. The presence of plant DNA extract did not affect the sensitivity of the assay.Chaperone proteins are crucial for proper protein folding and quality control, especially when cells encounter stress caused by non-optimal temperatures. DnaK is one of such essential chaperones in bacteria. Although DnaK has been well characterized, the function of its intrinsically disordered C-terminus has remained enigmatic as the deletion of this region has been shown to either enhance or reduce its protein folding ability. We have shown previously that DnaK interacts with toxin GraT of the GraTA toxin-antitoxin system in Pseudomonas putida. Interestingly, the C-terminal truncation of DnaK was shown to alleviate GraT-caused growth defects. Here, we aim to clarify the importance of DnaK in GraT activity. We show that DnaK increases GraT toxicity, and particularly important is the negatively charged motif in the DnaK C-terminus. Given that GraT has an intrinsically disordered N-terminus, the assistance of DnaK is probably needed for re-modelling the toxin structure. We also demonstrate that the DnaK C-terminal negatively charged motif contributes to the competitive fitness of P.