Katzhodge1765

Anatomic tunnel formation and remnant preservation are the recent trends in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. However, it is difficult to observe the anatomical PCL footprint and perform the operation in the process of remnant-preserving PCL reconstruction. This study describes a single-bundle, transtibial PCL reconstruction technique with anatomic graft passage over the remnant PCL fibers. A femoral tunnel of PCL is created at 2 mm medial to the roof of the intercondylar notch and 3 mm proximal to the margin of the articular cartilage. The tibial insertion of PCL is observed using a figure-of-four position through a posterior trans-septal portal. A tibial bone tunnel is made below the distal center portion of the tibial insertion of residual PCL fibers. The graft is passed over the PCL through the tibial bone tunnel, the space between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the residual PCL fibers, to the femoral socket and is fixed by the EndoButton and screw. MTX-211 in vitro This technique is able to ensure a reasonable intra-articular length and optimal isometry. It has been applied in patients with PCL rupture and posterior instability of the knee joint, and no intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Our technology provides a valuable new treatment option for PCL rupture. Future comparative studies are needed to further clarify its beneficial effect.

To determine the medial metaphyseal beak (MMB) cut-off angle predicting Langenskiöld stage II of Blount's disease and to study the intra-observer and inter-observer reliabilities of angle measurements and the influence of the experience level of observers.

A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 2-4 years from January 2000 to December 2017. Children were identified through a computer-based search. Children with Langenskiöld stage II of Blount's disease who had been initially evaluated at our institution were categorized into Blount group and children who were diagnosed with physiologic bowing were categorized into control group. Data on the patients' ages, genders, and affected sides were collected. The MMB angles were measured on standing anteroposterior radiographs of the knees. The angle was formed between one line drawn parallel to the medial cortex of the proximal tibia, and a second line running from the intersection of the first line with the proximal tibial metaphysis through to the m legs, with an MMB angle >122° predicting Langenskiöld stage II.

122° predicting Langenskiöld stage II.

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is a complex physiological process that is critical for normal GI function. Disruption of GI motility frequently occurs in GI diseases or as side effects of therapeutics. Whole gut transit measurements, like carmine red leading-edge transit, in mice form the cornerstone of in vivo preclinical GI motility studies.

We have developed an easily achievable, labor-saving method to measure whole gut transit time in mice. This approach uses inexpensive, commercially available materials to monitor pellet production over time via high definition cameras capturing time-lapse video for offline analysis.

We describe the assembly of our automated gut transit setup and validate this approach by comparing the results with loperamide to delay transit and conventional transit measurements. We demonstrate that compared to the control group, the loperamide group had slowed transit, evidenced by a decrease in total pellet production and prolonged whole gut transit time. The control group had an extended transit time compared with the results reported in the literature. Whole gut transit rates accelerated to times comparable to the literature by disrupting cages every 10-15min to imitate the conventional approach, suggesting that disruption affects the assay and supports the use of an automated approach.

A novel automated, inexpensive, and easily assembled whole gut transit setup is labor-saving and allows minimal disruption to animal behavior compared with the conventional approach.

A novel automated, inexpensive, and easily assembled whole gut transit setup is labor-saving and allows minimal disruption to animal behavior compared with the conventional approach.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fissure sealant therapy in suboptimal setting (as part of a community-based program using the portable equipment and provided by dental students) on the caries status of school children. This pragmatic split-mouth randomised clinical trial was conducted in rural area of Iran. At baseline, 124 patients, including 185 paired teeth with deep pits and fissures of opposite quadrants that were either healthy or at early stages of enamel decay (International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS] 0-2), were randomly allocated to receive fissure sealant or acted as control. The incidence of new caries (ICDAS code 3-6) and the sealant's retention status after 1-year follow-up were evaluated. Using chi-square test, the relative risk (RR) and the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) to prevent new caries were calculated. After 1 year, 109 patients including 163 paired teeth were available. Sixty-seven (41.4%) and 44 (27.2%) teeth had complete and partial retained sealants respectively. The risk of caries incidence in non-sealed teeth was almost three times more than sealed teeth (RR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.4-1.97, p = 0.002) and the NNT was 10 (95% CI 6-26). A significant association was noted between the status of sealant retention after 1 year and the incidence of new caries (p less then 0.001). Fissure sealant as part of a community-based program was effective in controlling caries incidence.Plant-derived bioactive compounds, often called phytochemicals, are active substances extracted from different plants. These bioactive compounds can release therapeutic potential abilities via reducing antitumor drugs side effects or directly killing cancer cells, and others also can adjust cancer initiation and progression via regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) expression, and miRNA can regulate protein-coding expression by restraining translation or degrading target mRNA. A mass of research showed that plant-derived bioactive compounds including tanshinones, astragaloside IV, berberine, ginsenosides and matrine can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by rescuing aberrant miRNAs expression, which has influence on tumor progression, microenvironment and drug resistance in multifarious cancers. This review aims to provide a novel understanding of plant-derived bioactive compounds targeting miRNAs and shed light on their future clinical applications.

To report the number of patients discharged from ED with oxycodone immediate release (IR) over 12 months and estimate the proportion who potentially transition to long-term opioid use and subsequent injectable heroin use.

Retrospective observational data were collected from a major tertiary-referral metropolitan ED in Melbourne, Australia, describing the number of patients discharged with an oxycodone IR prescription and proportion of discharge scripts filled. These data were projected against published data reporting trends on patients' trajectory to long-term opioid use, to subsequently estimate the proportion of patients from this cohort that may transition to injectable heroin use.

Of the 87 551 ED presentations in 2018, there were 4843 prescriptions written for oxycodone IR for 4102 different patients. An estimated 279 patients may become long-term opioid users following initial ED presentation. Of these 279 patients, 1.4 patients may potentially transition to injectable heroin use.

Modelling opioid use behaviour in an ED population demonstrated the potential development of unintentional long-term opioid use, and associated harms. Prospective study is required to fully understand trajectories of patients dispensed outpatient therapy from Australian EDs.

Modelling opioid use behaviour in an ED population demonstrated the potential development of unintentional long-term opioid use, and associated harms. Prospective study is required to fully understand trajectories of patients dispensed outpatient therapy from Australian EDs.

The COVID-19 epidemic has caused a significant global social and economic impact since December 2019. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the emergency response of a Chinese blood centre on maintaining both the safety and the sufficiency of blood supply during large, emerging, infectious epidemics.

Early on in the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chengdu Blood Center developed strategies and implemented a series of measures, including enhanced recruitment efforts, addition of new donation deferral criteria and notification after donation, optimisation of donor experience, development and implementation of a new coronavirus nucleic acid detection technology platform for blood screening and screening all donations for SARS-CoV-2 RNA to maximumly protect the safety of blood supply during a time of unclear risk.

Starting on February 20, the immediate satisfaction rate of blood product orders in Chengdu city's clinical settings reached 100%, and there was no case of blood transfusion infection.

The recent experience during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 reminded us that improvement in the areas of national and international collaborative programmes for dealing with blood availability and safety concerns during early stages of a disaster and regional and national mechanisms for timely communication with the general public on behalf of blood services should help to better prepare us for future disasters.

The recent experience during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 reminded us that improvement in the areas of national and international collaborative programmes for dealing with blood availability and safety concerns during early stages of a disaster and regional and national mechanisms for timely communication with the general public on behalf of blood services should help to better prepare us for future disasters.Dairy milk has been shown to contribute to child growth in many countries, but the relationship between milk intake and anthropometric outcomes among Indian children has not been studied. The objectives were to describe children aged 6-59 months who consume dairy milk in India and determine if dairy milk consumption was associated with lower odds of stunting, underweight and anthropometric failure among Indian children. This was a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), which was a national survey conducted between 2015 and 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The primary exposure was the consumption of dairy milk within the past day or night. The primary outcomes were stunting (height-for-age z score less then -2), underweight (weight-for-age z score less then -2) and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF), which is a combination of weight-for-age, weight-for-height and height-for-age. Multivariable logistic regression models and coarsened exact matching (CEM) were used to determine the relationship between dairy milk and odds ratios of each outcome. Setting was in India. Participants were children (N = 107,639) aged 6-59 months. Children who consumed dairy milk in the past day or night had an odds ratio of 0.95 for underweight (95% CI 0.92-0.98, P = .0005), 0.93 for stunting (95% CI 0.90-0.96, P less then .0001) and 0.96 for CIAF (95% CI 0.93-0.99, P = .004), compared with children who did not consume dairy milk after adjusting for relevant covariates. When CEM was used among a subset (n = 28,207), evidence for relationships between dairy milk and anthropometric outcomes was consistent but slightly weaker. Widespread, equitable access to dairy milk among childhood may be part of an effort to lower the risk of anthropometric failure among children in India.