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0483). MD-3 effectively suppressed intragraft inflammatory cell infiltration, anti-donor T cell responses, and donor-specific antibody with intact anti-cytomegalovirus antibody responses. However, this regimen ended in chronic rejection. In conclusion, short-term therapy with MD-3 markedly improved liver allograft survival to 2 years without maintenance of immunosuppressant. MD-3 is therefore a promising immune-modulating agent for liver transplantation.Light asymmetry, with a higher light acquisition per unit biomass for larger plants, has been proposed as a major mechanism of species loss after nitrogen addition. However, solid evidence for this has been scarce. We measured the allometric size-height relationships of 25 plant species along a nitrogen addition gradient manipulated annually for eight years in a speciose alpine meadow and found that the positive relationship between species relative abundance and the height scaling exponent in natural conditions disappeared after nitrogen addition. Those species with lower height scaling exponents increased in relative abundance after nitrogen addition, thereby decreasing the community weighted mean and dispersion of the height scaling exponent and ultimately the species richness. Our results provided some unique evidence for light asymmetry induced species loss after nitrogen addition and a new insight from the perspective of allometric scaling to explain biodiversity maintenance in the face of global changes.

Older cancer survivors have high rates of long-term opioid therapy (≥90days/year). However, the geographical and temporal variation in long-term opioid therapy rates for older cancer survivors is not known.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using SEER-Medicare data. Persons aged ≥66years, diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer from 1991 to 2011, and alive ≥5years after diagnosis were included. Persons were followed from 1/1/2008 until 12/31/2016. Persons were assigned to a census region in their state of residence each year. Individuals who were covered by an opioid prescription for at least 90days in a calendar year were classified as having received long-term opioid therapy. Multivariable analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations.

Temporal trends significantly varied by region (p<0.0001) and opioid-naïve status (p<0.0001). Compared to 2013, opioid-naïve cancer survivors in the south and non-naïve survivors in the south and west experienced significant declines in long-term opioid therapy in 2015 and 2016. Significant declines were observed in 2016 for opioid-naïve and non-naïve cancer survivors residing in the northeast and among opioid-naïve cancer survivors living in the Midwest.

The annual trends in the receipt of long-term opioid therapy significantly varied by region among older cancer survivors. Variation in a clinical practice suggests the need for more research and interventions to improve efficiency, process, cost, and quality of care.

The annual trends in the receipt of long-term opioid therapy significantly varied by region among older cancer survivors. Variation in a clinical practice suggests the need for more research and interventions to improve efficiency, process, cost, and quality of care.

To evaluate the cumulative incidence and risk factors of pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD) following phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Cataract surgeries performed between the years 2007 and 2016 at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland, were included. The cumulative incidence of PRD was estimated throughKaplan-Meier analysis. Patient mortality was incorporated as one of the censoring events. Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate potential risk factors, including age, gender, intraocular lens (IOL) power and previous neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (NdYAG) laser capsulotomy.

A total of 17688 eyes of 12003 patients were included. The mean patient age at surgery was 75.2±9.1years with 63.5% females (n=11228). During the mean follow-up time of 4.3±2.7years, 83 laterality-matched PRDs were registered (incidence 0.11% per year). Univariate analyses showed that age (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.92-0.95), male gender (HR 3.99; 95% CI 2.52-6.33) and IOL power (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.83-0.90) were significantly associated with PRD (p<0.001 for all) and remained significant in a multivariate analysis. Neither univariate (HR 1.45; 95% CI 0.82-2.54, p=0.201) nor multivariate (HR 1.03; 95%CI 0.57-1.88, p=0.919) analyses showed any association between NdYAG capsulotomy and PRD.

Male gender, low IOL power and younger age were confirmed as risk factors for PRD after phacoemulsification surgery. Real-world evidence suggests that NdYAG capsulotomy does not increase the risk for PRD.

Male gender, low IOL power and younger age were confirmed as risk factors for PRD after phacoemulsification surgery. Real-world evidence suggests that NdYAG capsulotomy does not increase the risk for PRD.

Using OCT-A to investigate the association between neurodegeneration and vascular morphology in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Cross-sectional study. Sulfopin One hundred and sixty-two patients were enrolled and following fundoscopy were assigned to two groups according to DR severity 54 patients to the group of no clinical signs of DR (noDR) and 54 to the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group. Fifty-four age-matched patients without known diabetes were recruited as the control group. Patients underwent full ophthalmic examination followed by OCT-A. Central retinal thickness (CRT), vessel density (VD) in the superficial and deep retinal layers and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were measured. Additionally, ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer thickness along with global loss volume (GLV) and focal loss volume (FLV) indices was measured.

In total, 85 men with mean age of 51.93±9.03 and 77 women with age of 50.14±10.35 were examined. Mean diabetes duration was 4.62±2.16years in the noDR group and 11.34±2.73years in the NPDin progressive DR stages FLV values might be increased, which might serve as an early index of neuronal damage in patients with diabetes even in the absence of overt DR signs.

In this study, we evaluated the impact of DR in both the vascular layers and neural components of the retina as expressed by FAZ, sVD, dVD and GCC thickness, FLV and GLV using OCT-A. We found that FLV was significantly higher in both noDR and NPDR groups indicating that in progressive DR stages FLV values might be increased, which might serve as an early index of neuronal damage in patients with diabetes even in the absence of overt DR signs.