Kanstrupwestergaard5225
e in various human pathogenic microbes.Coronaviruses are a group of known RNA virus which primarily infects the respiratory tract, and also neurological, enteric, and hepatic systems. Endemic outbreaks of Middle East Coronavirus Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) have been observed in recent decades. A new strain named the SARS CoV-2(COVID-19) virus has now spread across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is highly communicable and has culminated in a massive pandemic of COVID-19. Currently, no successful treatment is available. Therefore, an urgent need is there for new screening models that can aid in identifying the drugs with potential activity against COVID-19. The current review aims to discuss various in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo screening methods, that can potentially be used to expedite the discovery of new active therapeutic candidates and vaccines, drug targets, and repurposing the commercially available drugs against COVID-19 for the effective management of the infection and thereby controlling this pandemic. Further, the current status of drugs and vaccines under clinical investigation has been summarized.Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are responsible for over 500,000 deaths annually and are characterized by multiple disabilities. Leishmaniasis and Chagas diseases are among the most severe NTDs, and are caused by the Leishmania sp and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. Glucantime, pentamidine, and miltefosine are commonly used to treat leishmaniasis, whereas nifurtimox, benznidazole are current treatments for Chagas disease. However, these treatments are associated with drug resistance and severe side effects. Hence, the development of synthetic products, especially those containing N02, F, or Cl, are known to improve biological activity. The present work summarizes the information on the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of nitro-, chloro-, and fluorosynthetic derivatives. Scientific publications referring to halogenated derivatives in relation to antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities were hand-searched in databases such as SciFinder, Wiley, Science Direct, PubMed, ACS, Springer, Scielo, and so on. According to the literature information, more than 90 compounds were predicted as lead molecules with reference to their IC50/EC50 values in in vitro studies. It is worth mentioning that only active compounds with known cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells were considered in the present study. The observed activity was attributed to the presence of nitro-, fluoro-, and chloro-groups in the compound backbone. All in all, nitro and halogenated derivatives are active antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal compounds and can serve as the baseline for the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Buparlisib However, efforts in in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies of the active synthetic compounds is still needed. Pharmacokinetic studies and the mechanism of action of the promising compounds need to be explored. The use of new catalysts and chemical transformation can afford unexplored halogenated compounds with improved antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of the serious health issues affecting one-third of the world's population. The high variations of the HCV genome are ascribed to quick replication by NS5B Polymerase and are thus the most attractive target for developing anti-HCV agents.
The current study aimed to discover novel phytochemicals that harbor the potential of NS5B polymerase inhibition.
In this computational study, a molecular docking approach was used to screen phytochemicals with the best binding and spatial affinity with NS5B at the Palm I region. The top-ranked compounds were then subjected to in-silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological study.
The virtual screening provided seven 'hit compounds' including Betanin, 3,5'- dihydroxythalifaboramine, Diarctigenin, 6'-desmethylthalifaboramine, Cephalotaxine, 5alpha-O-(3'-dimethylamino-3'- phenylpropionyl) taxinine M and IsoTetrandrine with minimum binding score compared to the reference drug, Sofosbuvir (-14.7 kcal/mol). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and thorough toxicological analysis revealed a favorable and the safety profile of these compounds. The study would demonstrate the phytochemicals identified might serve as potential antiviral compounds that can potentially an alternative approach for amelioration of HCV.
The virtual screening provided seven 'hit compounds' including Betanin, 3,5'- dihydroxythalifaboramine, Diarctigenin, 6'-desmethylthalifaboramine, Cephalotaxine, 5alpha-O-(3'-dimethylamino-3'- phenylpropionyl) taxinine M and IsoTetrandrine with minimum binding score compared to the reference drug, Sofosbuvir (-14.7 kcal/mol). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and thorough toxicological analysis revealed a favorable and the safety profile of these compounds. The study would demonstrate the phytochemicals identified might serve as potential antiviral compounds that can potentially an alternative approach for amelioration of HCV.
Dogs are natural reservoir of Chagas disease (CD) and Leishmaniasis and have been used for studies of these infections as they develop different clinical forms of these diseases similar to humans.
This revision describes publications in dog model relative to CD and Leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
The search of articles was based in PubMed, Scopus and MESH using the keywords dog, Trypanosoma cruzi, treatment (T. cruzi chemotherapy analysis) in addition to dog, Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania infantum, canine visceral leishmaniasis, treatment (Leishmania chemotherapy evaluation).
Benznidazole and nifurtimox were used as reference in the treatment of CD and associated with other compounds. Eleven out of the fifteen studies have authors from the same team, using similar protocols and post-treatment evaluations, which assured more reproducibility and credibility. Twenty Leishmaniasis studies, especially in visceral leishmaniasis, presenting at least one parasitological analysis tested in distinct monochemothera the two EBI compounds evaluated. Although treatment of the canine visceral leishmaniasis was not able to induce complete parasite clearance, it can improve clinical recovery. Thus, the dog is a good model for CD and Leishmaniasis studies of chemotherapy and may be indicated for pre-clinical trials of new treatments.
Aloe vera is a traditionally used plant for medicinal purposes, mostly as a cosmetic. The Aloe vera gel/extract/juice is being used in hair care, moisturizing, cleansing, and thickening agent in formulations. The Aloe vera gel is rarely used on burns, wounds, infections, and gastric diseases.
To study the patents filed recently to understand the trend in the application of Aloe vera for therapeutic purposes.
This patent review focuses on granted patents during the year 2013-till 2020. The patents were analyzed and their therapeutic use was studied to assess the recent trends in Aloe vera formulations.
Most of the patents of this article on skincare products and out of those maximum patents are on moisturizing compositions. Most of the patents are found in US jurisdiction and few in Europe and China. As there are certain restrictions on patenting inventions related to composition and natural products in various jurisdictions, patents are found in only a few jurisdictions.
The trend of use of Aloe vera is still towards cosmetic products also the Aloe vera is used in oral care composition, deodorant compositions, anti-inflammatory composition, vitamin compositions, antibiotic compositions, etc.
The trend of use of Aloe vera is still towards cosmetic products also the Aloe vera is used in oral care composition, deodorant compositions, anti-inflammatory composition, vitamin compositions, antibiotic compositions, etc.
Globally, around 150 million people are still supplied with arsenic contaminated drinking water. As well as arsenic, the groundwaters effected often contain problematic concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM), which plays an important role in releasing As into the aquifer. This review thus explores the recent literature relating to the application of various nanomaterials to solve these drinking water supply problems, and highlights the work which still needs to be done.
After an extensive initial search of the literature, papers were selected based on their quality and relevance to the topic of this review the use of magnetic nanomaterials based on pure magnetic materials, magnetic composites of carbon/graphene/biochars, polymeric matrices, metal-organic frameworks and mixed-oxide magnetic nanocomposites, as As adsorbents and as photocatalysts for NOM removal.
160 papers relating to the application of nanomaterials for As removal were reviewed, as well as 38 papers covering photocatalysts for NOscale treatment solutions applying (magnetic) nanomaterials may prove highly effective in the future for both arsenic and NOM removal.COVID-19 (Virus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) is a pandemic disease characterized with respiratory infection caused by coronavirus. It has worldwide after an outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 15 million people globally. The disease severity and mortality increased in patients with heart-related comorbidities. Cardiovascular disease patients are more susceptible and infected with SARS-CoV-2. Early screening and managements these patients prevent or ameliorate adverse outcomes. Several treatments have been used to combat these effects as previously seen in MERS and SARS. This review will cover the association of cardiovascular diseases with COVID 19. It showed that cardiovascular diseases are common in patients with COVID- 19. Increased attention to highlight the gaps should be paid to the care of this unique group of patients.
Colistin utilization has gradually increased worldwide with the arising of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli despite its nephrotoxicity. Lipid emulsion (LE) is widely used for the toxic overdose treatment of various drugs.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of lipid emulsion on improvement of renal damage in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity with experimental Sprague Dawley rat model.
Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were initially assigned at random into 2 groups. Sixteen rats were given a single dose of 20 mg/kg colistin, eight rats received no medication (control group). Sixteen rats that were administered colistin sub-divided into 2 groups. Group 1/LE rats (n = 8) were given 20 ml/kg solution of lipid emulsion, and group 2/S rats (n = 8) were given 20 ml/kg/day (i.p.) of 0.9% NaCl saline; both were administered for 10 days. Then tubular injury was evaluated histopathologically. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and creatige was decreased as histopathologically and serologically by the effect of lipid emulsion. Thus, our findings may guide to the future studies on the clinical use of colistin., particularly in MDR positive intensive care infections.
