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The memories that we retain can serve many functions. They guide our future actions, form a scaffold for constructing the self, and continue to shape both the self and the way we perceive the world. Although most memories we acquire each day are forgotten, those integrated within the structure of multiple prior memories tend to endure. A rapidly growing body of research is steadily elucidating how the consolidation of memories depends on their reactivation during sleep. Processing memories during sleep not only helps counteract their weakening but also supports problem solving, creativity, and emotional regulation. Yet, sleep-based processing might become maladaptive, such as when worries are excessively revisited. Advances in research on memory and sleep can thus shed light on how this processing influences our waking life, which can further inspire the development of novel strategies for decreasing detrimental rumination-like activity during sleep and for promoting beneficial sleep cognition.

Conventional treatment for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients includes regimens combining rituximab with other cytotoxic drugs, followed or not by consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation and rituximab maintenance. However, older, unfit, and relapsed/refractory patients are often ineligible for intense treatment. Currently, available new targeted treatment options seem to offer hope in this group of patients.

This article reviews the safety profiles of new therapeutic chemotherapy-free options for MCL patients. Publications in English from 2010 through June 2020 were surveyed on the MEDLINE database for articles. Proceedings of the American Society of Hematology during the last 5 years were also included.

MCL is a clinically heterogenous disease predominantly affecting elderly patients. Its variable clinical course requires personalization and individualization of treatment to achieve optimal survival and acceptable safety profiles, especially in poor prognosis patients. Results of clinical trials performed in the past decade indicated that novel drugs used as a single agent or as part of a conventional chemotherapeutic treatment offer promise in minimalizing the relapse rate for MCL and may allow more effective and safer treatment options by reducing the risk of adverse events, especially cytopenias and infections.

MCL is a clinically heterogenous disease predominantly affecting elderly patients. Its variable clinical course requires personalization and individualization of treatment to achieve optimal survival and acceptable safety profiles, especially in poor prognosis patients. Results of clinical trials performed in the past decade indicated that novel drugs used as a single agent or as part of a conventional chemotherapeutic treatment offer promise in minimalizing the relapse rate for MCL and may allow more effective and safer treatment options by reducing the risk of adverse events, especially cytopenias and infections.Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women of all ages worldwide. The disease is staged using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system, which was updated in 2018. The authors explain the key changes from the 2009 version and the rationale behind them. The changes have been made to reflect common clinical practice, differentiate prognostic outcomes, and guide treatment stratification. Treatment options are dependent on the stage of disease and include fertility-sparing and non-fertility-sparing surgical options as well as chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced disease. The updated FIGO staging gives added importance to MRI as a method of accurately measuring tumor size and depicting the presence of parametrial involvement. With the inclusion of lymph node involvement in the updated 2018 FIGO staging, cross-sectional imaging-and in particular, fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT-has an increasing role in the depiction of nodal disease. Understanding the radiologic techniques used, the literature supporting them, and common imaging pitfalls ensures accurate staging of disease and optimization of treatment. Selleck PF-9366 ©RSNA, 2020 See discussion on this article by Javitt (pp 1823-1824).Abbreviated and ultrafast breast MRI are emerging techniques that are now entering clinical practice and reflect an increasing understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity. These techniques may represent potential answers to shortcomings of mammographic screening, providing an opportunity to curb interval cancers, maximize diagnostic accuracy, and minimize overdiagnosis. Targeting more aggressive tumor subtypes may play a role in evidence-based de-escalation of breast cancer management, and abbreviated techniques have proved promising in early noninferiority studies. Functional characterization of tumors at MRI also has the potential for noninvasive tumor subtyping based on radiomics and radiogenomics and may ultimately streamline increasingly individualized breast cancer care. The purpose of this article is to describe techniques of abbreviated and ultrafast breast MRI, recognize their pros and cons, and discuss clinical applications and implications. The goals are to define terminology, consider diagnostic parameters, and emphasize key concepts. As these novel techniques enter clinical care and continue to evolve, it is essential that the radiologist understands the rationale and limitations behind these approaches and how and why interpretation may differ from that of conventional MRI. ©RSNA, 2020.The social neuroscience approach to prejudice investigates the psychology of intergroup bias by integrating models and methods of neuroscience with the social psychology of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Here, we review major contemporary lines of inquiry, including current accounts of group-based categorization; formation and updating of prejudice and stereotypes; effects of prejudice on perception, emotion, and decision making; and the self-regulation of prejudice. In each section, we discuss key social neuroscience findings, consider interpretational challenges and connections with the behavioral literature, and highlight how they advance psychological theories of prejudice. We conclude by discussing the next-generation questions that will continue to guide the social neuroscience approach toward addressing major societal issues of prejudice and discrimination.Purpose whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigens C (HLA-C) are associated with HLA-B27 associated acute anterior uveitis (B27AAU) and idiopathic AAU (IAAU) remains unclear. Methods PCR with sequence-specific primers was used to analyze KIR genes and HLA-C alleles in a Chinese Han population of 196AAU patients and 210 control subjects. Results The higher frequencies of HLA-C2 and KIR2DL1/HLA-C2 (p = .009 and p = .044, respectively) and the lower frequencies of HLA-C1C1 and HLA-C1 (p = .034 and p = .009, respectively) were observed in B27AAU than control group. The higher frequencies of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 (p = .009 and p = .044, respectively) and the lower frequencies of KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL3/HLA-C1 (p = .000 and p = .001, respectively) were observed in IAAU than control group. Conclusions HLA-C2 and KIR2DL1/HLA-C2, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 might be susceptible for B27AAU and IAAU, respectively. HLA-C1C1 and HLA-C1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL3/HLA-C1 might protect from B27AAU and IAAU, respectively.Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a prion disease, usually presented with memory loss, ataxia, dementia, myoclonus, involuntary movements and psychiatric problems. D178N-homozygous 129M genotype has been recognized in the diagnosis of fatal familial insomnia (FFI) globally. Here we report a patient presented with progressive left upper limb stiffness, bradykinesia, hypomimia and weight loss (10 kg) initially. She progressed to dementia, dysphasia, dysphonia and be bedridden quickly but did not present insomnia. She was diagnosed with CJD corticobasal subtype carrying a classic D178N-129M mutation of PRNP in FFI. Remarkably, she has a strong family history of neurological degeneration diseases but the other members of this pedigree who do not carry D178N-homozygous 129M mutation in PRNP do not present any CJD or FFI symptoms. We conclude that this patient carrying D178N-homozygous 129M mutation in PRNP should be diagnosed as CJD. Thus, the clinicopathology should be considered as a crucial evidence in diagnosing some cases, but FFI could be evaluated as a differential diagnosis with a unique clinical profile. List of abbreviations AD Alzheimer disease; ADL Activities of Daily Living; CBD Cortical basal degeneration; CBS Corticobasal syndrome; CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; DWI Diffusion-weighted image; EEG Electroencephalograph, fCJD familial Creutzfeld-Jakob disease; FFI Fatal familial insomnia; FLAIR Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MMSE Mini-mental state examination; MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MRI Magnetic resonance imaging; PD Parkinson disease; PrP Prion protein; PSWC Periodic sharp wave complexes; SWI Susceptibility-weighted imaging.

This meta-analysis aimed to examine the comprehensive conclusive evidence of association between asthma and caries-related salivary factors including salivary pH (SpH), salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), and other salivary components.

Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases) were searched for relevant studies. After screening, studies were selected and data were collected from each study. The risk of bias in individual studies and across studies was evaluated. Mean differences (MD) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons of SFR, SpH, SBC, and other salivary components. Additional analyses, namely sensitivity, subgroup, and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analyses, were also conducted.

Eighteen and fourteen studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Significantly higher SFR (MD = -0.3, 95% CI [-0.39, -0.2],

 < 0.001) and SpH (MD.Fiber-reinforced polyester composites have received significant attention in a variety of applications due to their considerable potential due to such characteristics as high strength, stiffness, and modulus. However, one of the most important concerns about polymeric composites is their sensitivity to moisture attack. This work has been conducted to investigate the effects of nanoclay addition on reinforcing glass/polyester composites against water absorption and the resultant deterioration of flexural strength. Therefore, chopped strand mat and woven fiberglass polyester specimens were fabricated by using the hand lay-up technique with varying weight percentages of Cloisite 20A nanoclays (0, 1.5, and 3 wt%) and immersion in water for a time duration of 21 days. The specimens were weighed for the water absorption test. The results showed a remarkable drop in water absorption of the composite samples with the increase of nanoclay content. Moreover, although all the pure and nanocomposite specimens underwent degradation in flexural strength due to the water absorption, the strength was found to significantly increase with increasing the percentage of nanoclay at all immersion periods. The experimental results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images indicated that the presence of nanoclay protected the fiber/matrix interfaces.