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Parabens are used as preservatives in a wide range of products. Although parabens are generally known as safe, but recent evidences indicate that these compounds could lead to potential adverse effects on fetal growth. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between maternal parabens level in a sample of Iranian pregnant women with neonatal anthropometric measures.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018-2019 in Isfahan city, Iran. Early morning urine samples were collected from 117 pregnant women who were in their first trimester of pregnancy. The urinary concentrations of four parabens including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To compensate for variation in urine dilution, the paraben concentrations were adjusted by the creatinine levels. Associations between maternal parabens level and neonatal anthropometric indices were evaluated.

The MeP, EtP, PrP, and BuP were detectebe interpreted with caution. The current findings underscore the necessity of providing more strict regulations in industries for limiting parabens use in their products, and the importance of public education for women of reproductive age for using paraben-free compounds.

Findings of this study on the association of urinary parabens of pregnant mothers with birth weight and head circumference suggest that maternal exposure to parabens might impact the fetal growth, However, these findings are based on cross-sectional data, thus the results should be interpreted with caution. The current findings underscore the necessity of providing more strict regulations in industries for limiting parabens use in their products, and the importance of public education for women of reproductive age for using paraben-free compounds.Bottled water is most well liked within the world and attention is drawn due to its health issues. Oxyhalides is one amongst the foremost important by-products in bottled water which is produced by disinfection process such as "ozonation". International standards have been set and justified to permissible levels for chlorate, chlorite and bromate as 700, 700 and 10 μg/l. Thereafter, 168 samples of bottled water (mineral and drinking water) from Iran market obtained with the optimal working conditions and analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detector. The results actuated that 23 and 17 out of 168 samples as mineral and drinking water revealed bromate content in charge of the national permissible level, found as the mean level of 37.04 and 33.58 μg/l, respectively. According to risk assessment results, the average of hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime excess cancer (ELCR) were calculated 6.955 × 10-3 and 0.25 × 10-3, respectively. Thereupon, it is indispensable to control as well as make consumers aware of oxyholides hazard especially bromate following governmental authorities with an insight to health sectors monitoring guidelines due to its obvious harmful effects and aspects on health issues.

Polymeric substances, as soil conditioners, limit the erosion process as well as improve the soil structure. The same macromolecular compounds may influence the heavy metal accumulation in soil environment. check details The main aim of this study was investigation of anionic polyacrylamide (AN PAM) effect on the lead(II) ion sorption on the montmorillonite surface. The effects of Pb(II) ion concentration, sequence of heavy metal and anionic polymer addition into the system as well as anionic group content in the PAM macromolecules were also studied.

The study was performed on montmorillonite (clay mineral). Two types of polymers were used AN PAM 5% and AN PAM 30% containing 5% and 30% of carboxylic groups, respectively. The adsorbed amounts of Pb(II) ions or AN PAM on the solid were determined spectrophotometrically. Electrokinetic properties of the examined systems were established using potentiometric titration and microelectrophoresis method. The montmorillonite aggregation without and with selected substances was the montmorillonite surface larger and, as a consequence, reduces the Pb(II) availability to organisms. Therefore, this macromolecular compound can certainly be used to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals.To evaluate the qualitative fitting characteristics of FFRs on Iranian people. 62 participants were fit tested qualitatively by four brands of FFRs, including three imported (A, B, and C) and one domestic (D). The respirators were assigned to the participants randomly based on the Latin Square design (LSD) using the Moldex® Bitrex® Fit Test Kit. R 3.2.5.0 software was used to analyze the data. Among the respirators, A and C respirators had the lowest and highest fit test passing rates with 1.60% and 43.50%, respectively. The majority of the participants had medium face sizes (45.20%) and small and long/narrow shapes (32.20% and 32.30%). There was a significant difference between the passing rate of domestic (D) and imported (C) respirators (p value less then 0.001). Factors including respirator brand, style, and gender had significant effects on respirator fit (p value less then 0.01). There was a low fit test passing rate of the studied respirators among participants. Furthermore, 19.40% of the participants fell out of the NIOSH fit test panel. Therefore, it is required to develop a unique bivariate fit test panel and design the respirators based on the Iranian facial dimensions. Meantime, manufacturers need to provide various sizes and styles of the respirators to provide adequate respiratory protection for the users.The present study provided a comparison of two species of microalgae growth in dairy wastewater treatment plant effluents. In optimum conditions their operation to biomass production, lipid accumulation and fatty acids methyl ester composition so as to biodiesel production is studied. For the first time, the not sterilized effluents of dairy wastewater treatment plant was used as the culture mediums of native microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana strain pa.91, and another one Chlorella vulgaris. They were cultured under 5 light intensity levels so as to find optimum conditions to observed high biomass and lipid production. At the optimum light intensity the composition of fatty acids methyl ester in their lipids was analyzed by GC-MS. The light intensity of 7500 Lux was obtained as the optimum for both microalgae to produce high biomass. The biomass productivity of C. sorokiniana pa.91 and C. vulgaris in preliminary treated effluent at this light intensity was obtained 0.233 and 0.214 g L-1 day-1, respectively. Tastewater effluents were applicable to growth both microalgae and useful biomass production, lipid accumulation and fatty acids profiling. Furthermore, the compounds of fatty acids had the best conditions to biodiesel production especially in cold weather areas.

The objective of the work is to determine the best operating conditions for variants of an ecological engineering tool (permeable reactive surface biobarrier -PRSB-) potentially useful for the protection of water resources, preventing the arrival of sediments and pesticides transported by runoffs and tile drainage from agricultural lands, to water bodies.

Four PRB-prototypes were constructed as fixed-bed horizontal channels packed with a porous material supporting an enriched microbial biofilm. Their dynamic and stoichiometric performance was evaluated in the presence or absence of granular activated carbon, with limiting or sufficient O

supply. The removal of the pesticides and their leading catabolic derivatives were determined by HPLC. The most abundant cultivable microorganisms were isolated and identified by the sequencing of 16sDNA amplicons.

The pollutant removal efficiencies obtained in the aerobic biobarriers or microaerophilia were similar. In addition, slight differences were observed in tht life, aerobic PRSBs host microalgae.

Global warming and climate change are considered as important environmental problems. Environmental security is more pronounced with regard to the Caspian Sea. Due to the geopolitical and geo-economic dimensions on the one hand, and its unique characteristics on the other, this large lake is considerably fragile against environmental challenges. In fact, the innate isolation of the Caspian Sea makes its conditions with regard to global warming unique. Using a descriptive-analytical method and library and valid article references, this study seeks to answer the question "what are the effects of global warming on environmental security and what challenges does it pose to the Caspian Sea from the geo-economic point of view?"

And Also maps and charts related to the research topic were collected and plotted in the GIS. In the next step, using a descriptive-analytical method based on geopolitical perspectives, especially environmental geopolitical studies and internet searches, we analyze the spatial effects of this universal phenomenon in the context of environmental geopolitical systems.

The findings indicate that global warming will pose a large spectrum of challenges and problems to the Caspian Sea from the destruction of its ecosystems to the complete transformation of its nature. This research has studied global warming and its effects on the sea level changes of the Caspian Sea and particularly the level of water in the transit channels of the Caspian Sea from the geo-economic point of view.

The results show that fluctuations in the water level of the Caspian Sea, in addition to environmental challenges, narrow the balance of its transit channels and threaten the geo-economics and environmental security of the Caspian Sea.

The results show that fluctuations in the water level of the Caspian Sea, in addition to environmental challenges, narrow the balance of its transit channels and threaten the geo-economics and environmental security of the Caspian Sea.Biological treatment of oily sludge wastes was studied using an isolated halo-tolerant strain Pseudomonas balearica strain Z8. An oily sludge sample was obtained from oil fields of south waste of Iran and was fully characterized. The initial TPH content was 44,500 mg kg-1. The ability of Pseudomonas balearica strain Z8 in production of biosurfactant was investigated using oil displacement method. Results demonstrated that isolated strain is a biosurfactant producing bacteria. The CMC and emulsification index [E24] of produced biosurfactant were 90 mg L-1 and 44% for crude oil. Effect of operational parameters including nitrogen source, sludge/water ratio and temperature were investigated against the time. The most TPH removal of 35% was observed for nitrogen source of NH4Cl, sludge/ water ratio of 17 and temperature of 40 °C.

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of Cr (VI) using Green-Graphene Nanosheets (GGN) synthesized from rice straw.

Synthesis of the GGN was optimized using response surface methodology and central composite design (CCD). The effect of two independent variables including KOH-to-raw rice ash (KOH/RRA) ratio and temperature on the specific surface area of the GGN was determined. To have better removal of Cr (VI), GGN was modified using the grafting amine group method. In the Cr (VI) removal process, the effects of four independent variables including initial Cr (VI) concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial solution pH were studied.

The results of this study showed that the optimum values of the KOH/RRA ratio and temperature for the preparation of GGN were 10.85 and 749.61°C, respectively. The maximum amount of SSA obtained at optimum conditions for GGN was 551.14 ± 3.83m 2 /g. The optimum conditions for Cr (VI) removal were 48.35mg/L, 1.46g/L, 44.30min, and 6.87 for Cr (VI) concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH, respectively.