Justicetoft0446

The incidence of hypoglycaemia and of severe hyperglycaemia leading to DKA tended to decrease with age, and varied across regions. Age and regional differences were observed in therapeutic management, including types of device/insulin usage, frequency of insulin dose adjustment and technology usage.

Glycaemic control remains poor in adults with T1DM globally. Several areas of treatment may be optimised to improve outcomes, including supporting patient self-management of insulin therapy, increasing use of technologies such as CGM, and greater provision of healthcare support.

Glycaemic control remains poor in adults with T1DM globally. Several areas of treatment may be optimised to improve outcomes, including supporting patient self-management of insulin therapy, increasing use of technologies such as CGM, and greater provision of healthcare support.

Traumatic duodenal injuries in children are rare, and few studies have documented duodenal injuries in children, especially in Australasia. This study assessed the mechanism, investigations, management and outcomes of children (aged <16 years) with duodenal injuries.

Retrospective review was conducted over a 16-year period from a single paediatric trauma centre.

Sixteen cases of duodenal injuries were identified 15 cases of blunt duodenal injury and only one case of penetrating injury. Motor vehicular accidents were the most common cause of injury, followed by auto-pedestrian injuries and handlebar injuries. Only grade I and II injuries were identified. Computed tomography aided diagnosis in all cases of blunt duodenal injuries, especially given the variable nature of symptoms. Eight patients underwent laparotomy, of whom five required duodenal repair. Three patients underwent primary repair with omental patch, one patient underwent primary repair with gastrostomy and one patient underwent two-layered repair with t-tube duodenostomy. There were no delays in operative management within 24 h and no complications identified.

In comparison to other paediatric trauma centres worldwide, the majority of duodenal injuries were low grade and attributed to blunt trauma. Computed tomography aided diagnosis in all cases of blunt duodenal injury. Primary repair of duodenal injuries was possible in the majority of cases requiring operative repair.

In comparison to other paediatric trauma centres worldwide, the majority of duodenal injuries were low grade and attributed to blunt trauma. Computed tomography aided diagnosis in all cases of blunt duodenal injury. Primary repair of duodenal injuries was possible in the majority of cases requiring operative repair.

Pilonidal sinus is a common pathology occurring in a number of sites including the gluteal cleft between the buttocks. Surgery is the principal mode of treatment with a variety of techniques proposed to cure the disease and prevent recurrence. The rate of malignant degeneration is estimated at 0.1% in patients with chronic pilonidal disease. A case series study of pilonidal sinus found that most patients with malignancy were over the age of 50 years and had had chronic pilonidal disease for several years. AUZ454 chemical structure This study aimed to review the value of histological analysis of pilonidal sinus specimens.

A retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients who have undergone pilonidal sinus excision by the Department of General Surgery at Counties Manukau District Health Board in the past 10 years.

This study reviewed 1324 admissions with a pilonidal disease requiring surgical management. There were 325 pilonidal resections with 320 histological specimens analysed. Pilonidal sinus was detected in 312 specimens, eight others were benign and there were no specimens with malignancy.

No cases of malignancy were found in all pilonidal specimens that were sent for histological review. Routine histological examination of pilonidal sinus specimens appears to be unnecessary; however, it should be considered in patients over the age of 50 years.

No cases of malignancy were found in all pilonidal specimens that were sent for histological review. Routine histological examination of pilonidal sinus specimens appears to be unnecessary; however, it should be considered in patients over the age of 50 years.

To obtain a consensus on the domains of cariology for undergraduates in dental schools in the Caribbean.

Dental school deans from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Puerto Rico (PR) were invited to participate. Afterwards, 24 cariology faculty members from the dental schools in the DR received a 40-h workshop on the current understanding of dental caries. Then, representatives from participating dental schools in the DR and PR were divided into six groups and tasked with exploring the cariology domains described in the European and Colombian consensus. For each domain, the competencies in what the dental student, upon graduation, would have to (1) be proficient in, (2) have knowledge of, (3) and be familiar with were described. Two cariology consensus meetings to work on the domains and suggest changes for the Caribbean region were done, and representatives from the DR and PR agreed on a cariology consensus. For the second stage, Caribbean English-speaking countries were invited to participate in the consensus. Meetings were held with representatives from dental schools in Trinidad and Tobago (TT) and Jamaica (J) to include their suggestions on each consensus domain.

A total of 15 dental schools (DR=12; PR=1; TT=1; and J=1) participated; they agreed on a new consensus considering the realities of the Caribbean participating countries.

A cariology consensus for undergraduates was achieved for 15 dental schools in the Caribbean region. This accomplishment will promote a shift for the Caribbean dental schools' graduates towards a current understanding of dental caries.

A cariology consensus for undergraduates was achieved for 15 dental schools in the Caribbean region. This accomplishment will promote a shift for the Caribbean dental schools' graduates towards a current understanding of dental caries.

Enamel defects are disturbances in the quantity or quality of enamel, due to disruption or damage to the enamel organ during amelogenesis. The correct diagnosis of enamel defects is critical as diverse management options could be required for different conditions. Difficulties in diagnosis can happen, because these defects may have similar clinical presentations. This study evaluated the diagnostic skills in enamel defects of dental students of a prominent Australasian school.

A questionnaire consisting of clinical photographs of the affected teeth/dentition in multiple views and four standardised questions for each case of enamel defect were given to Year 4 and Year 5 students.

Localised/Chronological Hypoplasia had the lowest percentage of correct diagnosis (20.5%), whilst Enamel White Spot Lesions (EWSLs) had the highest (85%). Localised/Chronological Hypoplasia had the lowest aetiology score (20.5%), and the highest was obtained for EWSLs (85%). In regard to which question to ask to gain insight into the conditions, Enamel Hypomineralisation/MIH had the lowest score for both Year 4 and Year 5 respondents (35.