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43) and the ASCVD (r

=0.50) scores, while the change in total cholesterol was the main determinant of the change in risk for the UKPDS-CHD (r

=0.34). A significant correlation was identified between changes in temperature and changes in SBP (ρ=0.130, p=0.008), but not in other risk factors.

Seasonal variations in the classic CVD risk factors influence the risk estimated using validated calculators.

Seasonal variations in the classic CVD risk factors influence the risk estimated using validated calculators.

It has been demonstrated that maternal low protein during development induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the heart. Moderate-intensity exercise in early life, conversely, increases the overall cardiac health. Thus, we hypothesize that moderate-intensity exercise performed during young age could ameliorate the deleterious effect of maternal protein deprivation on cardiac bioenergetics.

We used a rat model of maternal protein restriction during gestational and lactation period followed by an offspring treadmill moderate physical training. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups normal nutrition receiving 17% of casein in the diet and undernutrition receiving a low-protein diet (8% casein). At 30 days of age, the male offspring were further subdivided into sedentary (NS and LS) or exercised (NT and LT) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed as follows 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 60min/day at 50% of maximal running capacity. Our results showed that a low-protein diet decreases oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function associated with higher oxidative stress. In contrast, exercise rescues mitochondrial capacity and promotes a cellular resilience to oxidative stress. Up-regulation of cardiac sirtuin 1 and 3 decreased acetylation levels, redeeming from the deleterious effect of protein restriction.

Our findings show that moderate daily exercise during a young age acts as a therapeutical intervention opposing the harmful effects of a maternal diet restricted in protein.

Our findings show that moderate daily exercise during a young age acts as a therapeutical intervention opposing the harmful effects of a maternal diet restricted in protein.

We aimed to examine age and gender differences in the relationship between depression and quality of life among United States adults.

Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data for 2008 to 2016 on 227,663 adults were analyzed. The dependent variable, quality of life, included physical component summary (PCS) scores and mental component summary scores from the Short Form Health Survey. The key independent variable, depression, was measured using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire. General linear regression models examined the relationship between quality of life and depression. Models were adjusted for individual and environmental characteristics, symptom status, functional and biological status, and health perceptions and were stratified by gender and age.

In adjusted models, mental component summary scores were significantly lower among those with depression compared with those without depression (β=-0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to -1.16) and lower among women compared with men (β=-0.10; 95% CI, 0.10 to -1.31). Models stratified by gender and age found women with depression ages 40 to 64 (β=-0.07; 95% CI, 0.07 to -0.20) and 65 or older (β=-0.08; 95% CI, 0.08 to -0.24) had significantly lower physical component summary scores compared with those without depression. Among men with depression, those ages 18 to 39 (β=-0.03; 95% CI, 0.03 to -0.10) and 40 to 64 (β=-0.09, 95% CI, 0.08 to -0.26) had lower physical component summary scores compared with those without depression. Women and men of all ages with depression had significantly lower mental component summary scores compared with those without depression.

Public health interventions and clinical approaches to address depression in women and men should target functional status in men and perceptions of health in women.

Public health interventions and clinical approaches to address depression in women and men should target functional status in men and perceptions of health in women.

A PENTEC review of childhood cancer survivors who received brain radiation therapy (RT) was performed to develop models that aid in developing dose constraints for RT-associated central nervous system (CNS) morbidities.

A comprehensive literature search, through the PENTEC initiative, was performed to identify published data pertaining to 6 specific CNS toxicities in children treated with brain RT. click here Treatment and outcome data on survivors were extracted and used to generate normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models.

The search identified investigations pertaining to 2 of the 6 predefined CNS outcomes neurocognition and brain necrosis. For neurocognition, models for 2 post-RT outcomes were developed to (1) calculate the risk for a below-average intelligence quotient (IQ) (IQ <85) and (2) estimate the expected IQ value. The models suggest that there is a 5% risk of a subsequent IQ <85 when 10%, 20%, 50%, or 100% of the brain is irradiated to 35.7, 29.1, 22.2, or 18.1 Gy, respectively (all consistent RT data and outcome reporting in the published literature hindered investigation of the other predefined CNS morbidity endpoints.

From the Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) initiative, a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications reporting on radiation dose-volume effects for risk of primary hypothyroidism after radiation therapy for pediatric malignancies was performed.

All studies included childhood cancer survivors, diagnosed at age <21 years, whose radiation therapy fields exposed the thyroid gland and who were followed for primary hypothyroidism. Children who received pituitary-hypothalamic or total-body irradiation were excluded. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from 1970 to 2017. Data on age at treatment, patient sex, radiation dose to neck or thyroid gland, specific endpoints for hypothyroidism that were used in the studies, and reported risks of hypothyroidism were collected. Radiation dose-volume effects were modeled using logistic dose response. Relative excess risk of hypothyroidism as a function of age at treatment and sex was assessed by meta-analysis of reported relative risks (RR) and odds ratios.