Junkersalomonsen3642

Upon the addition of SO3H-SBA-15, the activation energies of the oil shale catalytic conversation are decreased dramatically to 78 kJ/mol. It provided a practical approach for the in situ upgrading of oil shale under milder reaction conditions.Gravimetric adsorption equipment with a microbalance was used to measure the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by activated carbon from 288 to 313 K. VOCs [n-hexane, cyclohexane, 1-hexene, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, acetone, butanone, and 2-pentanone (Pentan-2-one)] were used as adsorbates in the adsorption system. Considering the geometric barrier, the critical diameter, and the boiling point, the adsorption capacities for six-carbon (C6) alkane isomers decrease in the order of n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, and 2-methylpentane. The adsorbates, including nonpolar or weakly polar substances, and substances with smaller geometric obstacles and smaller molecular weights, were more easily adsorbed by the activated carbon. However, the dipole-dipole interactive force at higher pressures resulted in a higher adsorption capacity for 1-hexene than for n-hexane. Both polarity and molecular size should be considered in the analysis of the adsorption of ketones by activated carbon. The adsorption equilibrium constants decreased with increases in temperature because a higher temperature was unfavorable for adsorption. The results for the Toth adsorption isotherm model fitted by the adsorption data showed that the experimental data and the Toth adsorption isotherm model were consistent with each other, as evidenced by the low deviation between the experimental data and those from the fitted model.A series of chiral thiourea bearing multiple H-bond donors derived from hydroquinine has been reported. The aza-Henry reaction of isatin-derived ketimines and long-chain nitroalkanes catalyzed by these chiral thioureas can achieve high enantioselectivity (78-99% ee) and excellent diastereoselectivity (up to 991). This work is the first report on long-chain nitroalkanes as substrates with excellent diastereoselectivity in metal-free catalytic systems.In this study, the effect of 18-crown-6 on the stability of oxytocin in aqueous solution was explored. Bevacizumab price The study found that while 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5 do not stabilize oxytocin, 18-crown-6 does have a stabilizing effect in citrate/phosphate buffer at pH 4.5. However, in acetate buffer at the same pH, the presence of 18-crown-6 had a destabilizing effect, possibly leading to a different degradation pathway. Both the stabilizing and destabilizing effects, depending on the buffer used, are concentration dependent where a higher concentration of 18-crown-6 is linked to a stronger effect. It is hypothesized that this effect may be linked to 18-crown-6 binding to the protonated ammonium group of oxytocin. Upon changing the mobile phase used in high-performance liquid chromatography experiments, we observed evidence supporting this binding hypothesis. When an acidic mobile phase was used (0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)), a partial shift in oxytocin retention time was observed for samples in acetate buffers in the presence of 18-crown-6 when using a 150 mm column (C18). The amount of the peak that shifted depended on the 18-crown-6 concentration used. A similar shift in oxytocin peak retention time was observed for samples in both acetate and citrate/phosphate buffers when using a 250 mm column (C18), but the peak completely shifted in those samples. When using an even more acidic mobile phase (0.1% TFA), the oxytocin peaks all had the same retention time again. Ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments also showed that the presence of 18-crown-6 has an observable effect on the resulting oxytocin spectra.While Alzheimer's disease is correlated with the presence of Aβ fibrils in patient brains, the more likely agents are their precursors, soluble oligomers that may form pores or otherwise distort cell membranes. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, we study how the presence of fatty acids such as lauric acid changes the stability of pore-forming oligomers built from three-stranded Aβ42 chains. Such a change would alter the distribution of amyloids in the fatty acid-rich brain environment and therefore could explain the lower polymorphism observed in Aβ fibrils derived from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We find that lauric acid stabilizes both ring-like and barrel-shaped models, with the effect being stronger for barrel-like models than for ring-like oligomers.Chikungunya fever results from an infection with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV, genus Alphavirus) that is prevalent in tropical regions and is spreading fast to temperate climates with documented outbreaks in Europe and the Americas. Currently, there are no available vaccines or antiviral drugs for prevention or treatment of Chikungunya fever. The nonstructural proteins (nsPs) of CHIKV responsible for virus replication are promising targets for the development of new antivirals. This study was attempted to find out new potential inhibitors of CHIKV nsP2 protease using the ligand-based drug design. Two compounds 10 and 10c, identified by molecular docking, showed antiviral activity against CHIKV with IC50 of 13.1 and 8.3 μM, respectively. Both compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit the activity of nsP2 in a cell-free assay, and the impact of compound 10 on virus replication was confirmed by western blot. The molecular dynamics study of the interactions of compounds 10 and 10c with CHIKV nsP2 showed that a possible mechanism of action of these compounds is the blocking of the active site and the catalytic dyad of nsP2.Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) is a popular aromatic plant native to the Mediterranean basin and cultivated worldwide that is valued for the nutritional and health benefits of its fruits. Headspace solid-phase microextraction of 12 fennel accessions of cultivated (F. vulgare subsp. vulgare) and wild forms (F. vulgare subsp. piperitum) of different origins was carried out for assessing their volatile distribution. Fifty-four volatiles were identified, with ethers amounting for the major class at ca. 52-99% attributed to the abundance of (E)-anethole and estragole. Several subsp. vulgare accessions proved to be excellent sources of the chief aroma (E)-anethole (95.9-98.4%), whereas high levels of estragole at ca. 72% were observed in subsp. piperitum from Minia and Khartoum and must be considered in the safety assessment of fennel. Other volatile classes were detected including ketones, esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes). Fenchone exceeded 15% of the total volatiles in some fennel specimens, linked to a conspicuous bitter aftertaste.