Joynerklint3601

The use of Ag-modified nanomaterials continues to attract attention in biological contamination control, their potential cytotoxicity is often overlooked. Herein, biocompatible carbon nitride is modified with 1 and 5 wt.% Ag and effects of different nanomaterial dose and Ag content on antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity is studied. Pure Ag nanoparticles and AgNO3 is tested for comparison, together with ten bacterial strains including pan-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cytotoxicity is then investigated in three adherent and two suspension human cell lines, and results confirm that cancer adherent cell lines are the most immune lines and human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) are more resilient than human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). The HeLa remains over 90 % viable even after 24 -h treatment with the highest concentration of 5%Ag/g-C3N4 (300 mg L-1) while A549 sustained viability only up to 100 mg L-1. Higher concentrations then induce cytotoxicity and A549 cell viability decreases. Our results show the importance of complementary testing of cytotoxicity by LIVE/DEAD assay using flow cytometry with more different human cell lines, which might be less immune to tested nanomaterials than HeLa and A549. Combined controls of new antibacterial agent activity tests then provide increased knowledge of their biocompatibility.In the past few decades, peptide antibacterial products with unique antibacterial mechanisms have attracted widespread interest. They can effectively reduce the probability of drug resistance of bacteria and are biocompatible, so they possess tremendous development prospects. This review provides recent research and analysis on the basic types of antimicrobial peptides (including poly (amino acid)s, short AMPs, and lipopeptides) and factors to optimize antimicrobial effects. It also summarizes the two most important modes of action of antimicrobial peptides and the latest developments in the application of AMPs, including antimicrobial agent, wound healing, preservative, antibacterial coating and others. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to improve the antibacterial peptides and propose prospects in the field.Despite the potential of immunotherapy in various solid tumors, the efficiency of immunotherapy is limited by little tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and abundant immunosuppressive M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we design a versatile photo-immunotherapy nanoparticle (termed as HA-AuNR/M-M2pep NP) to conquer above challenges. The HA-AuNR/M-M2pep NP is composed of hyaluronic acid modified gold nanorod (HA-AuNR) surface-modified with matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2)-responsive M2pep fusion peptides (M-M2pep). Upon tumor site, the fabricated HA-AuNR/M-M2pep NP releases M2pep through the cleavage of MMP2-sensitive peptide to selectively deplete M2-TAMs and improve immunoactivity of TME. Meanwhile, HA-AuNR could target to tumor cells and realize precise tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) under near infrared light irradiation, which further triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and elicits antitumor immunity. In vivo antitumor studies reveal that HA-AuNR/M-M2pep NPs-mediated PTT and M2-TAMs depletion recruit TILs, activate effector T lymphocytes, secrete antitumor cytokines (e.g. IFN-γ, TNF-α), and effectively inhibit the growth of tumor. Collectively, HA-AuNR/M-M2pep NP-mediated photo-immunotherapy based on dual targeted delivery and bio-responsive drug release holds tremendous promise to enhance antitumor efficacy.Spatial accuracy is crucial in drug delivery, especially to increase the efficacy and reduce the side effects of antitumor drugs. In this study, we developed a simple and broadly applicable strategy in which a target peptide ligand was introduced to construct a pH-responsive drug-loading system to achieve targeted delivery and drug release in lesions. In addition to reaching the tumor tissue through passive targeting modalities such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, active targeting nanoparticles used RGD motifs coupled to nanocarriers to specifically bind certain integrins, such as ανβ3, which is expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to achieve active tumor cell targeting. Self-assembling peptides have significant advantages in their structural design. The amphiphilic peptide LKR could form a spherical and self-assembled nanoparticle, which encapsulated the fat-soluble antitumor drug doxorubicin (Dox) in neutral medium. The Dox-encapsulating peptide nanoparticles swelled and burst, rapidly releasing Dox in an acidic microenvironment. Flow cytometry and fluorescence detection showed that the self-assembled LKR nanoparticles enhanced the drug accumulation in tumor cells compared with normal mammalian cells. The Dox-encapsulating peptide nanoparticles exhibited desirable antitumor effects in vivo. In summary, the acidic microenvironment of tumors was used to induce drug release from a targeted peptide drug-loading system to enhance cellular uptake and therapeutic effects in situ, providing a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of major diseases such as hepatoma.Epileptogenesis is a multistage process and seizure susceptibility can be influenced by stress early in life. Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain is an interesting model to study the association between stress and epilepsy, since it is naturally susceptible to seizures and present changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. All these features are related to the pathogenic mechanisms usually associated with psychiatric comorbidities present in epilepsy. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the neonate HPA axis function and maternal care under control and stress conditions in the WAR strain. Maternal behavior and neonate HPA axis were evaluated in Wistar and WAR strains under rest and after the presence of stressors. PS-1145 molecular weight We observed that WAR pups present higher plasmatic corticosterone concentration as compared to Wistar pups. Although WAR dams do not show significant altered maternal behavior at rest, there is a higher latency to recover the litter in the pup retrieval test, while some did not recover all the litter.