Jorgensenthestrup2952

This study is conducted to address the research question of whether hydroelectricity and fossil fuels contribute to sustainable economic development in an emerging economy in this era of globalization? Further, this study applies the novel approach of Harvey unit root test which is a linearity test to predict the possible existence of non-linearity. The results confirmed that the majority of the series in this study are linear. Furthermore, the two break test is applied to investigate the integration sequence of the series. The bounds test approach confirms the existence of a long-run association among the variables. selleck chemical Additionally, the long-run relationship is analysed within the framework of the ARDL approach. Financial development, fossil fuel, and capital positively contribute to economic development, while the effect of hydroelectricity is insignificant. Moreover, globalization effects GDP negatively. The symmetric causality suggests a uni-directional causal movement from hydroelectricity consumption and globalization towards GDP. The outcome of the study emphasizes the importance of renewable sources such as hydropower energy for ensuring sustainable development in the presence of globalization.It is important to evaluate the impact of undesirable energy output on the climate-carrying capacity of the power grid-based economy to promote the green development. Three indicators-climate natural capacity, urban climate pressure, and urban coordinated development capacity-are used as input factors to study the climate-carrying capacity. The Nemerow index method and comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight are employed to calculate inputs. Pollution emissions such as carbon dioxide emissions, waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste pollution are included as energy undesirable outputs, and industry output value is included as a desirable output to calculate the non-radial directional distance of the output of climate-carrying capacity that combines desirable and undesirable outputs. The total factor non-radial directional distance function and energy-environmental non-radial directional distance function are used to obtain the efficiency index of total factor climate-carrying capacity and the efficiency of climate-carrying capacity performance, respectively. These two indices are included in the analysis to estimate the impact of energy undesirable output on climate-carrying capacity. Results from empirical analysis showed that when two types of undesirable outputs, namely waste gas and wastewater outputs, in Shanghai are constrained, the efficiency and performance efficiency of climate environmental carrying capacity are both lower than 0.8, indicating that undesirable outputs had a substantial influence on the climate-carrying capacity. In Shanghai, the major approach to improve the regional climate-carrying capacity is to improve energy efficiency and reduce undesirable outputs of power grid-based economy.The green spaces preserve natural heritage, spectacular landscapes, and wildlife habitats. By incorporating national parks, it leads to economic growth, environmental sustainability, social involvement, and provides a protected area for endangered wildlife. Nature-dependent tourism indicates a critical place within the national economy. Pakistan is tackling the tourism industry and implementing nature-related approaches using national parks. The main objective of the proposed study is to appraise the economic value of the eastern arid regions of Pakistan and determine their environmental importance. For the assessment of recreational value, the travel cost method (TCM) and the zero truncated negative binomial regression models were chosen. Recreation demand was negatively linked to salary and had a significant positive association with the place of residence, age, and length of stay. The total estimated annual consumer surplus of the parks was Rs. 3317/person, while outsider consumer surplus was Rs. 3032/person/visit, and consumer surplus native annual value was Rs. 3289/person/visit. The results show that visitors have fewer tendencies towards the recreational site, as they are restricted to paying the entrance fee. This study contributes to environmental content reservations, such as a clean atmosphere, soil protection, and a stable ecosystem. It also improves economic valuation and sends a thought-provoking signal to native authorities to effectively manage the supervision of national parks.Taking the advantages of surface imprinting, multi-template imprinting and magnetic separation, a novel magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer (mag-MMIP@MWCNTs) was prepared by using MWCNTs as support material, Fe3O4 as magnetic core, and dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as template molecules. This composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and was used for the simultaneous adsorption of DMP, DEP, and DBP in aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH, contact time, PAEs initial concentration, temperature, adsorption selectivity, and reusability were investigated and discussed in detail. The results demonstrated that mag-MMIP@MWCNTs exhibited fast kinetics, good magnetic separation, and excellent selectivity for the adsorption of three phthalate esters (PAEs). The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo second-order kinetic model and the adsorption thermodynamics followed Langmuir isothermal model very well, and the maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of DMP, DEP, and DBP were obtained as 0.95, 1.38, and 7.09 mg g-1, respectively. The Scatchard analysis revealed that the template-polymer system had a two-site binding behavior. The adsorption thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption processes were exothermic and spontaneous, and dominated by physical adsorption relying on hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals force. Mag-MMIP@MWCNTs also showed good reproducibility and reusability for simultaneous adsorption of the three PAEs. The potential application of mag-MMIP@MWCNTs was proved by the removal of DMP, DEP, and DBP spiked in environmental water samples.