Jokumsenvincent7480

Background The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the human body. Sonographic assessment of the abdominal aortic diameter is presently the preferred screening method for an aortic aneurysm. However, there are no customized nomograms for our population and the recommended cutoffs for screening may be inappropriate. The effect of factors such as age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on the abdominal aortic dissection (AAD) among blacks has also not been extensively investigated. Objective To develop a nomogram of AAD at various levels in Nigerian adults using high-resolution B mode ultrasonography and to evaluate the effect of factors such as gender, age, and BMI on AAD. Methodology This study involved a sonographic evaluation of the abdominal aortic diameter of 400 normal Nigerian adults aged 18 years and above over a period of 17 months. The scan was done using a 3.5-5 MHz curvilinear transducer on the Mindray ultrasound machine (model DC-8, SN-QE3B001806). The AAD (mean ± SD) was correlated with age, gender, BMI, and body surface area (BSA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for windows and P values less then 0.05 were considered significant. Results The mean AADs decreased from 1.58 ± 0.24 cm in the upper aorta (D1) to 1.40 ± 0.20 cm at the level of the renal arteries (D2) and 1.29 ± 0.23 cm at the bifurcation (D3). Mean AAD was significantly higher at all levels of the abdominal aorta (D1, D2, and D3) in males than in females (P less then 0.00) and correlated positively with age (P = 0.00) and height (P = 0.00) at D2 and D3 levels. Conclusion Absolute AADs were relatively smaller in adult Nigerians and this should be considered when setting up screening programs for abdominal aortic aneurysm in our population. Further studies are needed to determine factors affecting AAD.Background Denture hygiene is an important factor to remove dental plaque and discoloration, to provide optimal oral health, and to prevent denture stomatitis. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of coffee staining and denture cleaner on the color stability of two differently polymerized (heat and microwave) denture acrylic resin in vitro. Materials and Methods Two commonly used denture base acrylic resins and effervesecnt tablet form denture cleaner were used in this study. Disc-shaped specimens from each acrylic resin were polymerized according to the manufacturer's instructions (n = 7). Color values were recorded before and after immersion in distilled water (I), denture cleaner (II), coffee (III), and coffee + denture cleaner (IV) with a tristimulus colorimeter using CIEDE2000 color difference formula. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's least significant difference tests were used for multiple comparisons at a 95% confidence level (P less then 0.05). Surface topography of the acrylic resin denture base specimens before and after immersion were taken under 500 × magnification. Results The two-way ANOVA revealed significant interactions between denture base resins and solutions (P less then 0.001). Immersion in denture cleaner and coffee solution caused significant color changes in acrylic resin denture bases. Conclusion Heat- and microwave-polymerized acrylic denture base resins can show different color stability. Immersion in coffee and denture cleaner solutions can cause noticeable color changes.Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widely spread systemic diseases worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycemic status with major multiorgan impact. With regard to the oral cavity, the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is well-known, although other dental diseases have been neglected. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and correlate it with the inflammation of the marginal and apical periodontium and the status of the underlying disease. Subjects and Methods The current prospective study analyzed 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in terms of marginal as well as apical periodontal involvement. The patients presented voluntarily for evaluation and treatment of oral diseases and their oral health status was established based on clinical and imaging examinations. Biological samples were collected when necessary to determine mycotic diseases. The clinical characteristics of each patient were recorded in a study sheet, and the data were centralized in electronic format using Microsoft Excel. The statistical values of the assessed cases were calculated with a two decimal accuracy, using the Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Student t tests. Results The results obtained evidenced an incidence of apical periodontal infection of approximately 50%, with a slightly higher value for patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus compared to those with compensated diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The results obtained show a higher incidence of apical periodontal infections, regardless of the compensation level of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Aims To evaluate the presence of dentofacial asymmetry in patients with odontoma by panoramic radiography. Methods Panoramic images with odontoma were selected among all panoramic radiographs (3058 patients). Maxillary odontoma was detected in 27 patients while mandibular odontoma was detected in 25 patients. In addition, 30 patients with similar age and gender characteristics were selected as the control group. Skeletal angular, skeletal linear and dental measurements were performed on panoramic radiographs. The odontoma region and the opposite side of the odontoma of the individuals were examined. The dentofacial asymmetry of the odontoma groups was compared with the control group. Paired t-test was used to determine dentofacial asymmetry on the right and left side of the patients with odontoma. The ANOVA test was used for testing the differences among groups. Results As a result of study, no significant difference was found between the region of the odontoma and the symmetrical region in the maxilla and mandibula (P > 0.05). In the control group, a statistically significant difference was found in the angle between the mandibular canal and the mental foramen, lower incisor size, PFH/CutCat(°), and Co-Mc-Me(°) measurements (P less then 0.05). In the maxillary and mandibular odontoma groups, a statistically significant difference was found in the angle between the mandibular canal and the menton, CH (mm), RH (mm), and CrH (mm) in the comparison of the odontoma and the control group (P less then 0.05). Conclusions No difference was found between the right and left sides of the jaws related with the asymmetry of the maxilla and mandible.Aims The aim of this study was to determine the best approach to reduce the unfavorable change in the three different dimensions of impressions using disinfection durations of 15 and 30 min; three different disinfection procedures; and alginate impression products as research factors. Materials and Methods CA37, impressional, and cream alginate impressions were used; distortion in the AB, AC, and BC dimensions of impressions using disinfection durations of 15 and 30 min was studied; and no disinfection (ND), conventional disinfection (CD), and sonicator-activated disinfection (SAD) procedures were measured. Results Regarding AB dimension, the impressional has best performance when CD was applied for both 15 and 30 min. When SAD was applied for 15 min, impressional and cream alginates provide best performance. When CD was applied for 15 min, CA37 and impressional alginates provide best performance. Although ND-applied CA37 alginate after 30 min provides best performance, because of many outlier values, its implication may not be considered as meaningful. Regarding AC dimension, cream alginate has best performance when CD was applied for 15 min. The AC distances in all the alginates are considerably different from the base model after 30 min. Regarding BC dimension, only the CA37 alginate has the best performance when ND was applied for 15 min. All the alginates are considerably different from that of the base model after 30 min. Conclusion Preference of 15-min disinfection can provide favorable results to obtain all impressions with minimally distorted dimensions. CD is an adequate procedure. The studied SAD needs to be developed further. All alginates are comparably successful to obtain impressions with desired distortion degrees.We aimed to assess the complications of minimally invasive balloon-assisted maxillary sinus floor augmentation, compared with the conventional sinus floor augmentation procedures done before placing a dental implant. A structured question was formulated and an electronic search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus). A separate search of gray literature and a hand search for missing articles were also conducted. Apart from animal studies, in-vitro studies, and case reports, all other types of studies where maxillary sinus floor augmentation was done using a balloon were considered for review. Our review was registered in International Prospective Registration of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42018086770. Our search produced 73 articles. However, only eight articles were found eligible to be included in our review (seven case series and one case-control study). Quality check was done using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Results suggest that balloon-assisted augmentation is associated with low rates of membrane tears (9 out of 272 sinus augmentation attempts), and high follow-up bone gain levels (mean 212.91%, 95% confidence interval 158.07%-267.75%, I2 = 97.62%). Balloon-assisted augmentation seems to be safe. More clinical trials are needed to assess the advantages and disadvantages of balloon-assisted maxillary sinus floor augmentation compared with other procedures.Background & objectives For bacterial community analysis, 16S rRNA sequences are subjected to taxonomic classification through comparison with one of the three commonly used databases [Greengenes, SILVA and Ribosomal Database Project (RDP)]. It was hypothesized that a unified database containing fully annotated, non-redundant sequences from all the three databases, might provide better taxonomic classification during analysis of 16S rRNA sequence data. Hence, a unified 16S rRNA database was constructed and its performance was assessed by using it with four different taxonomic assignment methods, and for data from various hypervariable regions (HVRs) of 16S rRNA gene. Methods We constructed a unified 16S rRNA database (16S-UDb) by merging non-ambiguous, fully annotated, full-length 16S rRNA sequences from the three databases and compared its performance in taxonomy assignment with that of three original databases. This was done using four different taxonomy assignment methods [mothur Naïve Bayesian Classifier (mothur-nbc), RDP Naïve Bayesian Classifier (rdp-nbc), UCLUST, SortMeRNA] and data from 13 regions of 16S rRNA [seven hypervariable regions (HVR) (V2-V8) and six pairs of adjacent HVRs]. Results Our unified 16S rRNA database contained 13,078 full-length, fully annotated 16S rRNA sequences. Epalrestat mouse It could assign genus and species to larger proportions (90.05 and 46.82%, respectively, when used with mothur-nbc classifier and the V2+V3 region) of sequences in the test database than the three original 16S rRNA databases (70.88-87.20% and 10.23-24.28%, respectively, with the same classifier and region). Interpretation & conclusions Our results indicate that for analysis of bacterial mixtures, sequencing of V2-V3 region of 16S rRNA followed by analysis of the data using the mothur-nbc classifier and our 16S-UDb database may be preferred.