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Overall, 80% used patient surveys to collect data. National data on pain management are reported in five European studies (France [2], the Netherlands, Spain, and Austria).

European studies comprehensively comparing acute pain management results are currently missing. Thus, this report highlights the need to develop consensus-based quality indicators in management of acute pain, which take into account both the methodologic quality and the relevance to clinical practice.

European studies comprehensively comparing acute pain management results are currently missing. Thus, this report highlights the need to develop consensus-based quality indicators in management of acute pain, which take into account both the methodologic quality and the relevance to clinical practice.

B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), an immunoinhibitory receptor, is shown to suppress the lymphocyte activation. Several studies addressed the relationship between the BTLA rs1982809 polymorphism and the risk of cancer.

To identify the effects of this polymorphism on the risk of breast cancer (BC), this study examined Chinese women from China, Jiangsu Province. This study involved 324 patients with BC and 412 controls.

We observed that the BTLA rs1982809 polymorphism elevated the risk of BC. A similar finding was also shown in the subgroups of premenopausal women and those aged< 55 years old. In addition, this polymorphism was correlated with the estrogen receptor status, C-erbB-2 status, Ki-67 status, TNM stage, and tumor size of patients with BC.

Collectively, the BTLA rs1982809 polymorphism shows a significant association with elevated risk and clinical features of BC in Chinese women. Further studies involving other races are urgently needed to replicate these findings.

Collectively, the BTLA rs1982809 polymorphism shows a significant association with elevated risk and clinical features of BC in Chinese women. Further studies involving other races are urgently needed to replicate these findings.

Patients with end-stage kidney disease requiring hemodialysis suffer frailty and poor physical function. Exercise can improve physical function; however, barriers exist to intradialytic exercise programs. The objective of this study was to explore patients' reasons for not exercising in an extant intradialytic exercise program.

We conducted a retrospective analysis reporting the reasons for not exercising in an intradialytic exercise program in two hemodialysis centers over a 4-week period. We explored whether patient characteristics and the presence of an exercise professional were associated with missed exercise sessions.

Seventy-five patients participating in the intradialytic exercise program completed 57% of prescribed intradialytic exercise sessions. The three most frequently reported reasons from patients not exercising were refusal (24%), followed by fatigue (19%) and symptoms (14%). Patients were more than twice as likely to exercise if a kinesiologist was present (odds ratio [OR] 2.26, confidence interval [CI] 1.5, 3.4 P=.03). They were less likely to exercise if they were women (OR 0.66, CI 0.45, 0.95 P=.002), had been on dialysis greater than 60months (OR 0.55, CI 0.37, 0.80 P<.002), or had more than two comorbid conditions (OR 0.63, CI 0.43, 0.90, P=.01).

Patient adherence to intradialytic exercise programs is strongly associated with the presence of exercise professionals.

Patient adherence to intradialytic exercise programs is strongly associated with the presence of exercise professionals.

Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in immune function. Several studies have identified an association between a Zn deficiency and infection. see more Infectious diseases are major complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated whether serum Zn concentrations are associated with risk of infection in patients with advanced CKD.

We retrospectively analyzed data from 299 patients with CKD whose serum Zn values were measured to evaluate anemia between January 2013 and December 2016. Among them, 9 who were supplemented with Zn and 67 who had started urgent dialysis at the time of measurement were excluded. We analyzed infection events, length of infection-related hospitalization and infection-related and all-cause mortality in the remaining 223 patients during a median follow-up of 36months. We assigned the patients to groups with low or high Zn values (≤50 and>50μg/dL, respectively) based on a median value of 50μg/dL. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox hazards models.

During a medition.

During the past few decades, phosphorus intake has dramatically increased along with higher protein intake and overuse of inorganic phosphate additives worldwide. The detrimental effects of overconsumption of phosphorus are well recognized for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dietary phosphorus restriction was recommended for these patients. However, the effects of dietary phosphorus restriction in healthy people have not been fully studied.

In this open-label crossover study, healthy adult men (n=12) consumed normal phosphorus diet (NPD, 1,500mg/d) for fivedays. After a 10-day washout period, healthy adults took low phosphorus diet (LPD, 500mg/d) for another fivedays. On the fifth day of each intervention, blood, urine and saliva samples were collected at ten time points, and fecal specimens were collected for bacterial taxa identification.

We found that 24-h mean levels of serum phosphate (Pi), urinary Pi, serum parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 decreased, while serum inal microbiome, which provides information for benefits of dietary phosphorus restriction in healthy people, and potential clues for treating patients with CKD.

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is defined as the loss of body protein and energy reserves associated with kidney disease. However, the extent to which PEW contributes to increased mortality among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear.

This is a retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2020. The PEW was diagnosed by applying at least 3 of the 4 following criteria (1) altered serum biochemistry indicated by a serum albumin level of <3.5g/L; (2) decreased body mass status identified by a body mass index (BMI) of <23kg/m

or <10% total body fat; (3) muscle wasting defined by the lean tissue index, calculated as a lean tissue mass normalized to the height-squared in the <10th percentile of the reference population; and (4) low dietary protein intake determined by the normalized protein equivalent of a total nitrogen appearance of <0.8g/kg/day. The Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) was also examined as an alternative tool for assessment of PEW.

The average age of the 555 participants was 57.