Johansenosborne8865

Conclusion Results from both cadavers and patients support the assertion that needling of the medial pterygoid can be accurately conducted.Background Numerous reports have suggested that buprenorphine may have antidepressant effects. Many individuals with depressive disorders don't respond to first-line treatment and are classified with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel therapies for depression are required to better treat this population. This meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials sought to evaluate the potential antidepressant effects of buprenorphine as an adjunctive pharmacological treatment for individuals with TRD. Methods PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until June 2019 for original peer-reviewed reports of buprenorphine used for the treatment of depression. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Selleck IACS-13909 Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. Results In six studies that met inclusion criteria, depression symptom severity in individuals with TRD was not significantly decreased after an adjunctive intervention with buprenorphine when compared to placebo (SMD = -0.07, 95% CI -0.21-0.06, p = 0.30). Five of the six studies utilized a combination of buprenorphine/samidorphan. In these studies, depression symptom severity was also not significantly reduced after intervention compared to placebo (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI -0.21 - 0.05, p = 0.23). Limitations Five included studies were performed by the same research group with significant conflicts of interest. Conclusions This meta-analysis did not reveal a significant reduction in depression symptom severity in individuals with TRD after an adjunctive intervention with buprenorphine when compared to placebo. However, more optimal doses of buprenorphine (2 mg/day) and longer treatment lengths should be explored.Background The Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) is composed of 99 items organized into 18 specific scales that provides dimensional assessment of depression, anxiety and bipolar symptoms. To date, IDAS-II is only available in the English and Turkish population. The main purpose of this study is to adapt the IDAS-II to the Spanish population and to assess the psychometric properties. Methods Participants included community adults (n = 620) and college students (n = 378). All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hypomania Check List-32, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, in addition to the Spanish version of the IDAS-II. Results The results indicate good internal consistency and high temporal stability of the Spanish version of the IDAS-II. Confirmatory factor analyses show for the first time that the three-factor structure of the IDAS-II (Distress, Obsessions/Fear, and Positive Mood) loads on a second order factor, labeled "Internalizing" according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Limitations Study was conducted exclusively on student and community samples and some of the measures used as gold-standard have presented limitations CONCLUSIONS According to previous studies, the results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the majority of IDAS-II scales. IDAS-II is useful in assessing the severity of depression, anxiety and bipolar symptoms in research contexts in a Spanish population according to the HiTOP model. However, more evidence is required to prove the adequate functioning of the IDAS-II in clinical samples.Background Numerous studies have suggested that structural changes in the cerebellum are implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate differences in the volume and cortical thickness of the cerebellar subregions between patients with BD and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Ninety patients with BD and one hundred sixty-six HCs participated in this study and underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed the volume and cortical thickness of each cerebellar hemisphere divided into 12 subregions using T1-weighted images of participants. One-way analysis of covariance was used to evaluate differences between the groups, with age, sex, medication, and total intracranial cavity volume used as covariates. Results The BD group had significantly increased cortical thickness of the cerebellum in all cerebellar subregions compared to the HC group. The cortical thicknesses of the whole cerebellum and each hemisphere were also significantly thicker in the BD group than in the HC group. The volume of the left lobule IX was significantly lower in patients with BD than in HCs, whereas no significant differences in the volumes were observed in the other subregions. Limitations Our cross-sectional design cannot provide a causal relationship between the increased cortical thickness of the cerebellum and the risk of BD. Conclusions We observed widespread and significant cortical thickening in all the cerebellar subregions. Our results provide evidence for the involvement of the cerebellum in BD. Further studies are required to integrate neurobiological evidence and structural brain imaging to elucidate the pathophysiology of BD.Objectives To investigate whether mood instability (MI) qualify as a trait marker for bipolar disorder (BD) we investigated 1) differences in smartphone-based self-reported MI between three groups patients with newly diagnosed BD, unaffected first-degree relatives (UR), and healthy control individuals (HC); 2) the correlation between MI and functioning, stress, and duration of illness, respectively; and 3) the validity of smartphone-based self-evaluated mood ratings as compared to observer-based ratings of depressed and manic mood. Methods 203 patients with newly diagnosed BD, 54 UR and 109 HC were included as part of the longitudinal Bipolar Illness Onset study. Participants completed daily smartphone-based mood ratings for a period of up to two years and were clinically assessed with ratings of depression, mania and functioning. Results Mood instability scores were statistically significantly higher in patients with BD compared with HC (mean=1.18, 95%CI 1.12;1.24 vs 1.05, 95%CI 0.98;1.13, p = 0.007) and did not differ between patients with BD and UR (mean=1.