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A reduced risk for some of common cancers was observed among lumber and wood products industries. Leather tanning, leather products and fur tended to show a higher risk 2.36 (95% CI 1.15-4.83) for pancreatic cancer, 2.85 (95% CI 1.26-6.47) for liver cancer and 2.00 (95% CI 1.01-3.99) for lung cancer. For the electronics category, observations of high risk ranged from 2.09 (95%CI 1.18-3.70) for ureter cancer, to 2.49 (95% CI 1.79-3.55) for kidney cancer.

This study revealed industry risk inequalities in manufacturing categories were present with regard to the risk of common cancers in Japan.

This study revealed industry risk inequalities in manufacturing categories were present with regard to the risk of common cancers in Japan.

Tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) are common tactics of the tobacco industry to encourage adolescents to use tobacco products.

The objective of the study is to assess the influence of TAPS on cigarette use and susceptibility to cigarette use among Nepalese adolescents.

Data (n=2,878) were drawn from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey for Nepal (GYTS, 2011). Channel-specific and cumulative TAPS exposure were the primary exposures of the study. Six multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine current and ever cigarette use outcome with exposure to TAPS. Six binary logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the susceptibility to cigarette use when exposed to TAPS.

Channel-specific TAPS analyses show that indirect TAPS increases the odds of all the three outcomes; current cigarette use (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.10-2.58), ever cigarette use (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.23-2.65) and susceptibility to cigarette use (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.25-2.19) after adjusting for the covarithe current, ever, and susceptibility to cigarette use among Nepalese adolescents. Overall, the current use of cigarettes followed a dose-response relationship with TAPS exposure. The result implies a requirement of active surveillance of tobacco products and future research on adolescent-focused tobacco marketing in Nepal.

Families who have children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) are at high risk of experiencing stress. Stress on the family can cause the formation of negative communication in children so that families tend to spend more time in dealing with negative emotions through negative actions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between stress, anxiety, and depression in caregiver with pediatric ALL outcome.

A cross sectional study was conducted on children with ALL and their caregivers at the Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire were used to measure anxiety and depression in caregivers. Previous stressful experiences in children and caregivers were assessed by The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Children quality of life was assessed by pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL™) questionnaire. Pearson and Spearman correlation strength test was performed for the statistical analysis.

There is no significant correlation between stress level of caregivers with the quality of life of children with ALL (P > 0.05). There is negative correlation between the level of anxiety and depression in caregivers with the quality of life of children (P < 0.05). There is negative correlation between children stress level with the quality of life of children (P < 0.05).

The psychological condition of the caregiver affects the quality of life of children. The higher the level of anxiety and depression in caregivers, the lower the quality of life of children.<br />.

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer with high resistance to anticancer drugs. The development of new drugs or compounds to be used alone or in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic agents to improve the treatment of CCA is needed. Compound A (CpdA), which is a small plant-derived glucocorticoid receptor modulator, strongly inhibited the growth and survival of several cancers. However, the effect of CpdA on cholangiocarcinoma has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CpdA on CCA.

Cytotoxicity of CpdA was tested in primary cells including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as on CCA cell lines (KKU-100, KKU-055, and KKU-213) was examined. Cell cycle distribution and IL-6 expression was assessed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The effect of combination CpdA and cisplatin was evaluated by cell viability assay.

CpdA significantly inhibited cell cycle at G1 phase in CCA cell lines, and reduced IL-6 mRNA expression. However, combination CpdA and cisplatin did not enhance the inhibitory effect. TGFβR-II expression was increased in CCA cells after the combination treatment.

These results indicate the potential of CpdA for CCA treatment. However, combination treatment with CpdA and cisplatin increased CCA cell survival. The molecular mechanism is likely attributable to promotes cell survival via the TGFβR-II signaling pathway. The combination of CpdA with other anticancer drugs for CCA treatment should be further examined.

These results indicate the potential of CpdA for CCA treatment. However, combination treatment with CpdA and cisplatin increased CCA cell survival. The molecular mechanism is likely attributable to promotes cell survival via the TGFβR-II signaling pathway. The combination of CpdA with other anticancer drugs for CCA treatment should be further examined.

Vitamin D inhibits cell proliferation via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which may affect breast cancer risk. This study aimed to investigate the association of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms of the VDR gene with breast cancer risk which followed by stratified analysis.

A case-control study was conducted on 150 breast cancer patients and 150 healthy controls. VDR ApaI and TaqI genotyping were performed by PCR-RFLP. Some demographic and pathologic features of patients were extracted from their archived files and then were analyzed by genotypes distributions.

For ApaI polymorphism, our data showed a significant difference between the patient and healthy groups for mutant allele carriers compared with those with AA genotype. Besides, statistical analysis showed that there was a significant association between the C allele and the increased risk of breast cancer. For TaqI polymorphism, statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant association between CC genotype and increased risk of breast cancer. Also, there was a significant association between the C allele and the increased risk of breast cancer. In a preliminary study, stratified analysis based on the size of tumor and lymph node metastasis revealed no significant association between two ApaI and TaqI variations and these parameters.

Based on our results, the VDR ApaI and TaqI variations could be considered as genetic risk factors for breast cancer. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to obtain more accurate outcomes, especially in stratified analysis.

Based on our results, the VDR ApaI and TaqI variations could be considered as genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Ridaforolimus However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to obtain more accurate outcomes, especially in stratified analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of HCC is crucial to improve prognosis and survival. Nearly 30 % of HCC patients present with normal serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), which highlights the need for new biomarkers for HCC. Annexin A4 (ANXA4) is one of the annexin family with high expressions found in gastric, liver, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers.

to evaluate the clinical significance of ANXA4 in the early diagnosis of HCC.

Thirty patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC were enrolled in this study. They were stage A according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging and they were grade A or B according to Child Pugh Classification. Twenty patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy persons seronegative for both HCV and HBV served as control group. ANXA4 and AFP were measured in serum of all cases.

Serum ANXA4 level was significantly higher in HCC patients compared to patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls (188, IQR 42-428 and 23, IQR 24-33 and and 21, IQR 22-24 ng ̷ ml, respectively). By using the ROC curve, the area under the curve of ANXA4 was 0.972 and the best cut-off value was115 ng/ml, with sensitivity 95% and specificity 80%.

The serum level of ANXA4 might be a good biomarker for the early detection of HCC.<br />.

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Phyllodes tumour (PT) is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast that carries a risk of malignancy. Histopathological examination remains a gold standard for diagnosis. The usage of the immunohistochemical markers of Ki67 and p53 acts as a supplement method, particularly for the malignant PT. We aim here to study the expression of these markers in PT and to see their relation to the tumour grading.

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on 57 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of PT from the years 2015 to 2018 from two hospitals in East Coast Malaysia. The histopathological examination and immunohistochemical stain for Ki67 and p53 were analysed.

There was an association between clinical descriptive data of skin changes, lump size of more than 3 cm, cytological atypia, stromal hypercellularity, mitosis and immunohistochemistry with the clinical diagnosis of PT. Both marked expression of Ki67 and p53 were seen in borderline and malignant PT. Our study showed that in the presence of high mitotic figures, marked expression of Ki67 was only seen in cases of malignant PT.

We found a significant association of Ki67 and p53 expressions, high mitosis and other descriptive histopathological features in malignant PT. Further study with larger sample size is recommended to predict tumour grade and prognosis as well as the disease-free survival of the tumour.<br />.

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Smoking is among the top contributors to deaths and disability-adjusted life years in Indonesia, particularly among males. In 2012, a presidential decree encouraged provinces and districts to implement a smoke-free policy (SFP). This study aims to evaluate compliance and explore the challenges in the implementation.

Through a mixed-methods design, we used quantitative methods to examine the compliance with six criteria including signage, no active smoking, no selling, no advertisement, no smoke, and no ashtray at SFP facilities in Bengkulu city. We observed SFP compliance at 105 facilities, including health/educational facilities, places of worship, workplaces, and indoor/outdoor public facilities. We also used a qualitative method to explore challenges in the implementation through interviews with the government and legislators.

The compliance rate to all six criteria was 38% overall, ranging from 17% at outdoor public facilities to 67% at health facilities. We found no spatial patterning, as shown by non-significant differences in compliance rates between SFP facilities inside and outside of 1-kilometer around the provincial and city health offices.