Jansencurrin6520

The effect of melatonin is slightly lower on the monocot clade Commelinids than on the eudicot clades Asterids and Rosids. We also show that its stimulatory effect on plants depends on cultivation system, with a larger effect obtained in hydroponic systems. However, it does not depend on application stage (seed or vegetative), application route (foliage, roots, or seed), and whether the cultivation system is ex vivo or in vivo. This is the first meta-analysis examining the effects of melatonin on plants, edible plant products, and algae, and offers a scientific and technical roadmap facilitating sustainable food and feed production through the application of exogenous melatonin.Prenatal particulate matter less then 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with adverse birth growth. However, the longitudinal growth impacts have been little studied, and no mechanistic relationships have been described. We investigated the association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and growth trajectories, and the possible role of epigenetics. We enrolled 1313 neonates with PM2.5 data measured by ordinary kriging from the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases, followed up at 1, 3, and 5 years to evaluate growth. Differential DNA methylation and pyrosequencing of cord blood leukocytes was evaluated according to the prenatal PM2.5 levels and birth weight (BW). PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester (T2) caused the lowest BW in both sexes, further adjusted for indoor PM2.5 levels [female, aOR 1.39 (95% CI 1.05-1.83); male, aOR 1.36 (95% CI 1.04-1.79)]. Bayesian distributed lag models with indoor PM2.5 adjustments revealed a sensitive window for BW effects at 10-26 weeks gestation, but only in females. Latent class mixture models indicated that a persistently low weight-for-height percentile trajectory was more prevalent in the highest PM2.5 exposure quartile at T2 in females, compared to a persistently high trajectory (36.5% vs. 20.3%, P = 0.022). Also, in the females only, the high PM2.5 and low BW neonates showed significantly greater ARRDC3 methylation changes. ARRDC3 methylation was also higher only in females with low weight at 5 years of age. Higher fetal PM2.5 exposure during T2 may cause a decreased growth trajectory, especially in females, mediated by ARRDC3 hyper-methylation-associated energy metabolism.During nitrification, the varieties of microbial structures, metabolic pathways and functional profiles in four parallel laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with 0.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L of free ammonia (FA) concentrations were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SBRs were named S0.5, S5, S10 and S15, respectively. Ammonia removal via the nitrate pathway was achieved in S0.5 and S5 throughout the whole experimental period, while ammonia removal via the nitrite pathway was established in S10 and S15 after 89 and 146 day, respectively. The key finding of this study is that both the microbial diversity and richness were significantly affected (p less then 0.05) by the FA concentration at different taxonomic levels. The most dominant taxa of S5, S10 and S15 were same, and mainly included Thauera while S0.5 was mainly composed of Zoogloea. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis was used to identify unique biomarkers in SBR activated sludge (AS) sample. The functional genera and enzyme in the four SBRs are similar but different in abundance and they are responsible for the removal of organics and nitrogen. Moreover, metabolic pathways are similar by PICRUSt analysis. The relative proportions of pathway-specific genes involved in some metabolic pathways differed to some extent. The ammonia oxidation rate was positively linked to Nitrosomonas and amo (both Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) = 0.777) while the nitrite oxidation rate was positively linked to Nitrospira (ρ = 0.777) by co-occurrence network analysis. This work deciphered the response of microbial characteristics to different FA constraints in AS process and could provide helpful information for revealing the biological mechanism of FA inhibition on nitrogen removal.This study aims to explore the real-time impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on measured air pollution in the three largest cities of Jordan (Amman, Irbid and Zarqa). It is hypothesized that a sharp decrease in the emitted amounts of particulate matter (PM10), CO, NO2 and SO2 during COVID-19 pandemic will be obtained, this corresponds with the reduced traffic due to mandated business closures. To achieve this exploration a paired sample t-test is used to compare the concentration of these four pollutants in the three cities over the period from 15 March to 30 June during the years from 2016 to 2020. It is found that there is a significant difference between the emitted concentrations mean values of CO, PM10, SO2 and NO2 during the period of study. This was indicated by the values of p for each species, which was less than 5 % for all these pollutants. The maximum reduction in SO2 and NO2 concentration during the lockdown period was in Zarqa. Irbid city witnessed the highest percentage reduction in CO and PM10. Furthermore, the correlation test, independent variable importance of multilayer perceptron and global sensitivity analysis using Sobol analysis showed that metrological data (Humidity, wind speed, average temperature and pressure) have a direct relationship with concentrations of CO, PM10, SO2 and NO2 in Amman, Irbid and Zarqa before and after COVID-19 pandemic.Children are highly susceptible to environmental contaminants as their physiology and some metabolic pathways differ from adults. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p-xylene, and m-xylene (BTEX) affects oxidative DNA damage in street children using a biomonitoring approach. Thirty-five boys (7-13 years of age), exposed by working at a busy intersection, and 25 unexposed boys of similar age and living in the neighborhood near the busy intersection were recruited. Urinary un-metabolized BTEX levels were quantified by a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Urinary malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured with spectrophotometry. Sociodemographic and lifestyle conditions information was collected by interviews using administered questionnaires. Exposed subjects provided urine before (BE) and after work exposure (AE), while unexposed boys gave a single morning sample. Urinary BTEX concentrations in BE samples were similar to unexposed. Concentrations in AE samples were 2.36-fold higher than observed in BE samples (p less then 0.05) and higher than those in the unexposed group (p less then 0.05). In addition, urinary MDA levels in AE samples were 3.2 and 3.07-times higher than in BE samples and in the unexposed group (p less then 0.05). Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increased urinary BTEX and MDA levels in both groups. Our findings confirm that street children working at busy intersections are significantly exposed to BTEX, which is associated with oxidative stress. Implementing protective measures is crucial to reduce exposure and to improve health outcomes in this group.In the present study, we used a variance decomposition based global sensitivity index to evaluate the sensitivity of input variables and their contribution for non-carcinogenic health risks via intake and dermal pathways. Groundwater samples were collected from an industrial sector (Tiruppur region) of south India during the month of January 2020. These samples were analysed for nitrate, which varied from 10 to 290 mg L-1 having the mean of 87 mg L-1. Nearly 58% of the samples surpassed the permissible limit (45 mg L-1) defined by the World Health Organization. Total hazard index (THI) ranged from 0.29 to 8.52 for children, 0.28 to 8.26 for women, and 0.24 to 6.99 for men. The first-order effect (FOE) and second-order effect (SOE) were derived for the three different age groups using Sobol sensitivity approach. The FOE scores showed that nitrate concentration in groundwater is the most sensitive parameter followed by exposure frequency for children, men and women via oral pathway. The SOE scores showed that nitrate concentration along with ingestion rate had greater sensitiveness in the oral input model. The higher SOE was obtained for the interaction of nitrate with skin surface area for children via dermal pathway, but it was not significant for women and men. These results suggest that epidemiology due to nitrate risk should be studied taking into account of concentration of nitrate, exposure frequency, fraction of contact and body weight. Additionally, ingestion rate and skin surface area were considered for the assessment of health risks for children.The aim of the present study was to investigate lung particulate matter (PM) deposition during endurance exercise and provide a new insight concerning how SARS-CoV-2 could be carried into the respiratory tract. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the Human Respiratory Tract model were considered for modeling the lung PM deposition during exercise. The Monte Carlo method was performed to randomly generate different values of PM concentrations (1.0, 2.5, and 10.0 μm), minute ventilation, and duration of exercise at moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains. Compared to moderate and severe intensities, during heavy exercise (75-115 L‧min-1, duration of 10.0-60.0 min) there is greater lung deposition in the bronchiolar region (p less then 0.01). In turn, there is greater deposition per minute of exercise at the severe intensity domain (115.0-145.0 L‧min-1, duration of 10.0-20.0 min, p less then 0.01). Considering that SARs-CoV-2 could be adsorbed on the particles, exercising under PM exposure, mainly at the severe domain, could be harmful concerning the virus. In conclusion, beyond the traditional minute ventilation assumption, there is a time vs intensity dependence for PM deposition, whereby the severe domain presents greater deposition per minute of exercise. The results observed for PM deposition are alarming since SARs-CoV-2 could be adsorbed by particles and carried into the deeper respiratory tract.With the outbreak of Coronavirus (2019) (COVID-19), as of late March 2020, understanding how the cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmitted is one of the most important questions that researchers are seeking to answer; because this effort helps to reduce the spread of disease. The COVID-19 is highly transmissible and deadly. Despite "tracking the call" and carefully examining patient contact, it is not yet clear how the virus is transmitted from one sick person to another. Why it is so transmissible? Can viruses be transmitted through speech and exhalation aerosols? How far can these aerosols go? How long can an aerosol containing a virus stay in the air? Is the virus amount in these aerosols enough to lead to an infection? There is no consensus on aerosols' role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Findings show that SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission is possible. Temozolomide ic50 Therefore, to effectively reduce SARS-CoV-2, precautionary control strategies for aerosol transfer should be considered.