Jacobsonchurchill2729

Probiotics have been reported to be associated with the alleviation of constipation. The aim of this study was to detect and determine the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) on the alleviation of constipation in BALB/c mice and humans, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its effect by measuring changes in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and the composition of microbes in human faeces. BALB/c mice were given MN-Gup by gavage for 14 days. On the 8th day of this treatment, constipation was induced by the application of diphenoxylate via gavage. The results showed that MN-Gup significantly decreased the first black stool defecation time, and significantly increased black faecal wet weight, black faecal number and the gastric-intestinal transit rate (P less then 0.05), thereby relieving constipation. In humans, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to investigate the effect of MN-Gup in adults with functional constipation. After 4 weeks of intervention with placebo or MN-Gup yogurt, constipation-related symptoms (including defecation frequency, stool consistency, straining and incomplete feeling during defecation) in the constipated subjects were significantly improved in the two groups, but not different between the groups at the end of the intervention. The concentration of acetate increased significantly in the MN-Gup group compared to the placebo group and before ingestion. learn more Significant changes in the composition of gut microbiota were found after intake of MN-Gup yogurt when compared to placebo. The relative abundances of acetate-producing Bifidobacterium, Ruminoccaceae_UCG-002 and Ruminoccaceae_UCG-005 were significantly increased after intake of MN-Gup yogurt. These results showed that MN-Gup could relieve constipation related to increased acetate-producing Bifidobacterium, Ruminoccaceae_UCG-002 and Ruminoccaceae_UCG-005.One of the factors responsible for lack of reproducible findings may be attributed to the raw material used. To date, there are no apparent studies examining reproducibility using venoms for the development of new toxin-based drugs with respect to regulatory agencies' policies. For this reason, protocols were implemented to produce animal toxins with quality, traceability, and strict compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. This required validation of the production chain from the arrival of the animal to the vivarium, followed by handling, housing, as well as compliance with respect to extraction, freeze-drying, and, finally, storage protocols, aimed at generating compounds to serve as candidate molecules applicable in clinical trials. Currently, to produce quality snake venoms to support reproductive studies, the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) from São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil has 449 microchipped snakes through rigid and standardized operating procedures for safety, health, and welfare of animals. Snakes were frequently subjected to vet clinical examination, anthelmintic, and antiparasitic treatment. Venom milk used to destroy prey was collected from each animal in individual plastic microtubes to avoid contamination and for traceability. In addition, venoms were submitted to microbiological, and biochemical toxicological analyses. It is noteworthy that investigators are responsible for caring, maintaining, and manipulating snakes and ensuring their health in captivity. This review aimed to contribute to the pharmaceutical industry the experimental experience and entire snake venom production chain required to generate quality products for therapeutic human consumption.Mobile device users often experience musculoskeletal discomfort due to the intensive use of these devices in static body postures. Prolonged sitting and standing at work and in free time are risk factors for various diseases and all-cause mortality. Prolonged static postures are the main cause of lower extremity discomfort. A systematic search of the articles was conducted in four different electronic databases. All selected papers were appraised using a critical appraisal tool. Fourteen studies were selected for the review. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints ranged from 0.4 to 72.9%. Mobile device-related lower extremity discomfort ranged from 0.4 to 9.6%. The most common body posture among mobile device users in the selected studies was sitting. There is some evidence for the association between lower extremity pain and mobile device use. Experts should take this review as a basis to provide appropriate and effective ergonomic measures, especially for working mobile device users.The present experiment evaluated the effects of self-reported exercise behavior and an acute bout of high-intensity exercise on explicit memory function. The memory tasks were encoded either incidentally or intentionally; for intentional encoding, participants were told to focus on memorizing the stimuli (words), whereas for incidental encoding, participants were unaware that they would be subsequently asked to complete an object recognition task. Among a sample of 150 adults (Mage = 20 years), randomly assigned experimental participants engaged in the following task sequence (a) incidentally encoded a series of objects, (b) engaged in 20 minutes of high-intensity exercise, (c) intentionally encoded a word list, and (d) completed explicit memory retrieval tasks. Control group participants viewed a time matched video in lieu of high intensity exercise. We measured self-reported exercise behavior via an exercise questionnaire. We did not observe convincing evidence of an effect of high-intensity acute exercise, when occurring during the early consolidation period, on memory function, for either incidental or intentional encoding tasks. However, self-reported engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was favorably associated with explicit memory performance.The spread of fungal growth causes enormous economic, agricultural, and health problems for humans, such as Aspergillus sp., which produce aflatoxins. Thus, the inhibition of aflatoxin production became a precious target. In this research, the thioesterase (TE) domain from Polyketide synthase enzyme was selected to employ the in silico docking, using AutoDock Vina, against 623 natural compounds from the South African natural compound database (SANCDB), to identify potential inhibitors that can selectively inhibit thioesterase domain. The top ten inhibitors components were pinocembrin, typhaphthalide, p-coumaroylputrescine, dilemmaone A, 9-angelylplatynecine, 2,4,6-octatrienal, 4,8-dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-, (2e,4z,6e)-, lilacinobiose, 1,3,7-octatriene, 5,6-dichloro-2-(dichloromethyl)-6-methyl-, [r*,s*-(e)]-(-)- (9ci), lilacinobiose, 1,3,7-octatriene, 5,6-dichloro-2-(dichloromethyl)-6-methyl-, [r*,s*-(e)]-(-)- (9ci), 1,3,7-octatriene, 1,5,6-trichloro-2-(dichloromethyl)-6-methyl-, [r*,s*-(z,e)] and 9-angelylhastanecine and that depending on the lowest binding energy, the best chemical interactions and the best drug-likeness.