Jacobshusted8814

It was concluded that PMS had enhanced herbicidal activity and application safety, meeting the requirements of minimizing adverse effects of the herbicide on the environment, and enjoying a great application potential in agriculture.Increasing concern of human exposure to microplastics (MPs) necessitates an assessment of the quality of MP data relevant to human exposure. In this literature review for table salt, we addressed the variability and uncertainty of MP data caused by different analytical methods among studies. Additionally, validation experiment was conducted to identify and correct uncertainties related to MP size. When combined without validation, salt data in literature (n = 150) showed a wide range of 0-39800 (1386 ± 5477) MPs kg-1. All procedures, including sample treatment, MP identification, and quality assurance were related to this variability. Most serious variability originated from the MP identification methods associated with minimum cut-off size of targeted/measured MPs and the selection of particles identified. When not corrected by size, MP content differed by 10-600 times among MP identification methods, with greatest value from visual observation, followed by FTIR and Raman methods. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation-regardless of identification method-between logarithmic mean abundances and minimum cut-off sizes. The size-corrected values showed that adults intake up to 19000 MPs ≥10 μm annually via table salt, compared with 5100 MPs that was estimated from uncorrected mean abundance. Our validation experiment also showed the possibility of serious errors being caused by arbitrary selection of "MP-like particles" in spectroscopic analysis, specifically for smaller-sized particles. A combination of unverified data originated from different methods might have failed to adequately produce reliable human health-relevant results, thereby undermining the ability to quantify human risk.Sunlight driven photocatalysis offers an effective and eco-friendly technology for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal. Three dimensional (3D) and oriented structure can facilitate efficient photon absorption and rapid diffusion of VOCs, which prevails over the powder-formed catalysts. Herein, free-standing and uniform p-type Cu2O nanowire (NW) arrays were obtained through heat treatment of Cu(OH)2 NWs, which were spontaneously grown from Cu mesh in air under room temperature for the first time. The as-prepared Cu2O NWs show excellent degradation performance in decomposing 30 ppm toluene (99.9 % within 120 min) and high stability (no decline after ten recycles). The toluene degradation was also conducted under the natural sunlight, demonstrating complete removal from 1200 am to 1500 pm. During photocatalysis, toluene is attacked by the photogenerated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and finally oxidized to nontoxic small molecules. The photocatalytic removing toluene with Cu2O NWs/Cu mesh has a promising application prospect owing to its low cost, high efficiency, stability, and convenient operation.To determine the effects of tributyltin (TBT) upon multiple exposures of diet and microplastic in rotifer, in vivo life parameters were measured. In 10 μg/L TBT-exposed rotifer, the 1 and 0.5 x diet groups resulted in reproduction reduction. However, 10 x diet treatment showed no significant changes in the total fecundity, despite a decrease in daily reproduction. Besides, differences in the lifespan were observed in response to different diet regimens. TBT and/or MP-exposed parental rotifer (F0) showed a significant delay in the pre-reproductive day under 0.5 x diet regimen. In all dietary regimens, exposure to TBT and MP induced an increase in reactive oxygen species, but antioxidant activities were perturbed. To further verify the carryover effect of TBT toxicity, progeny rotifer (F1) obtained from 24 h TBT and/or MP-exposed F0 was used. Interestingly, the faster hatching rate was observed only in F1 obtained from 1 x diet regimen-exposed F0. However, in the 0.5 x diet, the total fecundity was reduced and the pattern of the daily reproduction was collapsed. Thus, the toxicity of TBT can be alleviated by MP and nutrition status, but TBT-induced toxicity and its carryover effect are inevitable.Maintenance of male germline stem cells (GSCs) homeostasis is crucial for successful reproductive life of adults. New insights gained on dysfunction in stem cell maintenance could be the basis of stem cell dependent ailment during adulthood. Cadmium (Cd), a reported male reproductive toxicant, has been explored inadequately for its impact on male GSCs maintenance. The present study, therefore, has been aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of Cd on the homeostasis of GSCs by using Drosophila testis as an in vivo model. Following developmental exposure of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL) to Drosophila, we showed that a significantly increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 20.0 μg/mL of Cd resulted in alteration of GSCs number accompanied by inappropriate differentiation leading to reduced sperm number and eventually poor reproductive performance in exposed organism. Rescuing effect was evident by overexpressing sod in the early germ cell stage. read more The study suggests that an alteration in GSCs homeostasis due to redox imbalance plays a pivotal role in Cd induced failure in male fertility. The study further advocates for the use of Drosophila as an alternative animal model for in vivo evaluation of male GSCs toxicity with minimal ethical concern.The effective stabilization of tannery sludge wastes is explored using X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopies. Solidification of the Cr-rich waste was realized via vitrification of the incinerated sludge with silica and flux agents. It is demonstrated that the effective reduction of Cr(VI) and the structural role of Cr are strongly modulated by the chemical composition of the waste. Eskolaite microcrystallites are embedded in the silica matrix of all vitrified samples and the extent of microcrystalline formation is strongly related to the glass basicity. Both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species are identified, corresponding to Cr(VI)O4 glass formers and Cr(III)O6 network modifiers. The toxic Cr(VI) prevails only in the glasses with the highest basicity index and lowest waste content, nevertheless it is safely incorporated and immobilized in the silica matrix. However, the detected abundance of Cr(VI) increases glass basicity and as a result, glass polymerization is hindered. Thermal treatment, a process that leads to glass-ceramics transforms almost all Cr(VI) to Cr(III), while eskolaite formation is promoted concurrently.