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There are limited data on vascular risk factors (VRFs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This meta-analysis was completed to summarize the existing evidence on stroke risk factors (SRFs) in the Iranian population.

An electronic literature search of the databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and IranMedex was performed to identify the related articles published up to March 2018. For categorical or continuous variables, the data were also pooled using the fixed- or the random-effect models, respectively, expressed as odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD).

A total of 15 articles were recruited. The risk of stroke was associated with mean age, but not gender. Among traditional VRFs, hypertension (HTN), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), diabetes mellitus (DM), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were associated with increased risk of stroke. Apart from the high circulating levels of triglycerides (TG), low-densapproaches to recognize and address VRFs, to monitor and control CS and OD rates, and to encourage a healthy lifestyle.Many studies have shown the crippling effects of sanctions on the healthcare sector of different countries, including Iran. Long-standing sanctions against Iran escalated recently and severely limited commercial activities with Iran. The devastating consequences of these embargoes have affected all aspects of health care delivery in Iran, limiting the availability of critical medicines and medical devices, and negatively impacting primary health care, treatment of complex diseases including cancer, medical tourism, and medical education and research. The present novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has uncovered this long-standing crisis in the Iranian health care sector. In this communication, we briefly discuss selected aspects of these sanctions and their impact on the health care system and people of Iran during this critical time.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the greatest threats to public health, and have been related to poor quality dietary patterns. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran.

Cross-sectional data was gathered between April and November 2016 from 30,541 eligible adults (out of 31 050 individuals who were selected through systematic proportional to size cluster random sampling) living in urban and rural areas, using the WHO-based STEPs risk factor questionnaire. Low intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fish, and high intakes of salty processed food (SPF), as well as daily intake of hydrogenated fat (HF) were considered as nutritional risk factors.

At the national level, 82.8% (95% CI 82.4-83.2), 57.8% (95% CI 57.2-58.4), 80.6% (95% CI 80.1-81) and 90.3% (95% CI 90-90.6) of participants of all age groups had sub-optimal intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and fish, respectively. Furthermore, 12.8% (95% CI 12.4-13.1), and 29.4% (95% CI 28.9-29.9) of respondents had high SPF intakes and HF use, respectively. At the sub-national level, the highest distribution of suboptimal intake of fruits (97.2%; 95% CI96-98.3), vegetables (79.2%; 95% CI 76.3-82.1) and dairy products (92.9%; 95% CI 91-94.7) was observed in Sistan and Baluchistan. Except for Boushehr and Hormozgan, the majority of the population of other provinces consumed fish less than twice a week. Similarly, the high intake of SPF was found mostly in the population of Yazd (23.7; 95% CI 20.2-27.2). HF consumption was the highest in North Khorasan (64.2%; 95% CI 60.3-68.1).

These findings highlight the widespread distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran, which should be a priority for the people and the politicians in order to prevent NCDs.

These findings highlight the widespread distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran, which should be a priority for the people and the politicians in order to prevent NCDs.

Choledochal cysts are seen commonly in Asian populations, but rarely in Western populations. Selleckchem SRPIN340 The pathogenesis of these premalignant lesions is not fully understood yet and the risk of malignant transformation increases with age. The overall malignancy risk is 10%-15% in East Asian countries. In this study, we aimed to present our surgical experience as a hepatobiliary center to the literature.

We retrospectively analyzed the data from the medical records of 70 patients operated for choledochal cyst between 2008-2019.

Sixty-two of the 70 (89%) patients were female and 8 (11%) were male, the mean age was 45.89 ± 15.32 years. Overall, 44 (63%) patients had type I (a+b+c), 20 (28%) type V (Caroli), 2 (3%) type II, 2 (3%) type III and 2 (3%) type IVb cysts. The most common operation was cyst excision combined with hepaticojejunostomy (n 26, 37%). The median diameter of the resected cysts was 3 cm (min- max 1-11 cm). Malignancy was observed only in three (4%) patients with type III, type Ib, and type V cyts, who were 19, 38, and 72 years old, respectively. Mortality was not observed, morbidity was determined totally in 30 (43%) cases during early and late postoperative periods.

Type of surgery in choledochal cysts differs according to the type of the cyst. Malignancy was observed at a rate of 4% in all age groups. Although the frequency of malignancy varies, the main treatment of choice should be surgery because malignancy can be seen at a young age.

Type of surgery in choledochal cysts differs according to the type of the cyst. Malignancy was observed at a rate of 4% in all age groups. Although the frequency of malignancy varies, the main treatment of choice should be surgery because malignancy can be seen at a young age.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Iranian adults.

This case-control study was conducted on 210 subjects. NAFLD diagnosis was made by ultrasound examination. Anthropometric measures, physical activity, fasting serum levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and lipid profile were assessed. A three-day food diary was used to assess dietary intakes of the subjects. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis. To determine the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD, multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) obtained from the logistic regression analysis was used.

Two dietary patterns were extracted as follows vegetables, legumes, fruits, and low-fat dairy products (VLFD) ; and sweet, hydrogenated fat, red and processed meat, and soft drink (SHMS) dietary patterns. By taking all possible confounders into account, the VLFD dietary pattern was found to be significantlsign are warranted.

Refugees' access to quality healthcare services might be compromised, which can in turn hinder universal health coverage (UHC), and achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), ultimately. Objective This article aims to illustrate the status of refugees' access to healthcare and main initiatives to improve their health status in Iran.

This is a mixed-method study with two consecutive phases qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, through a review of documents and semi-structured interviews with 40 purposively-selected healthcare providers, the right of refugees to access healthcare services in the Iranian health system was examined. In the quantitative phase, data on refugees' insurance coverage and their utilization from community-based rehabilitation (CBR) projects were collected and analyzed.

There are international and upstream policies, laws and practical projects that support refugees' health in Iran. Refugees and immigrants have free access to most healthcare services provided invernment of Iran has taken some fundamental steps to serve refugees similar to citizens of Iran. Although the initiative looks promising, more is still required to bring NGOs on board and fulfill the vision of leaving no one behind.

Chronic hepatitis E infection has been reported in solid organ transplant recipients following acute hepatitis due to the compromised immune status. Almost all reports are from areas where hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are the dominant genotypes. This study was conducted to investigate the role of hepatitis E infection as an etiology for liver enzymes elevation in liver transplant recipients from the largest liver transplant program in Iran.

In a prospective study from June to December 2015, in a single liver transplantation center in Iran, all adult liver recipients who were investigated for the etiology of persistent elevation of liver enzymes were tested for HEV serology status.

Of 122 patients included in the study, 19 (15.6%) were positive for HEV serology. Seropositive patients were significantly older than seronegative ones (mean age 43.79 vs. 31.58, P < 0.001); however, they were not different in other characteristics including sex distribution and mean of liver enzymes in each occasion. Liver biopsies were done in 16 HEV seropositive patients and none of the biopsies showed evidence for acute or chronic viral hepatitis.

In this study, with 15.6% rate of HEV seropositivity in liver recipients with persistent elevation of liver enzymes, we were not able to confirm any clinical evidence for active acute or chronic hepatitis E infection. This could theoretically be attributed to the fact that the dominant prevalent HEV genotype in our endemic area is not associated with a chronic form of infection.

In this study, with 15.6% rate of HEV seropositivity in liver recipients with persistent elevation of liver enzymes, we were not able to confirm any clinical evidence for active acute or chronic hepatitis E infection. This could theoretically be attributed to the fact that the dominant prevalent HEV genotype in our endemic area is not associated with a chronic form of infection.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) causes significant problems for patients in the working age and may therefore negatively affect their quality of life (QOL). In the present study, we sought to evaluate the QOL and its predictors in subjects with CVST.

This observational, prospective study investigated several outcomes of 56 CVST patients after thrombosis onset. Demographic characteristics, medical history, neurological signs and symptoms during hospitalization, and the employment status of the patients were retrospectively collected. Stroke-related functional scales, including the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) were employed. For physical and mental aspects of the QOL, we used the validated Persian version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale.

The physical and functional outcomes in the long-term were promising according to mRS and BI tools, as well as the improved rate of return to work. Mental domains of the SS-QOL, such as energy and personality represented the lowest scores. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, lower mRS score, and longer time interval between CVST onset and interview were associated with higher physical function of the patients while their better mental function was correlated with lower mRS score and thrombosis in merely one cerebral venous.

CVST patients experience an acceptable alleviation of the primary physical disabilities, while residual symptoms, mostly in psychologic/mental domains, impair their QOL.

CVST patients experience an acceptable alleviation of the primary physical disabilities, while residual symptoms, mostly in psychologic/mental domains, impair their QOL.