Jacobsenduggan6922

We utilized a heterologous expression system to identify an additional motif in the C-terminus of EAAT3 that regulates its endocytosis. Impairment in endocytosis did not affect somatodendritic targeting in cultured hippocampal neurons. Our findings support a model where endocytosis of EAAT3 is a multifactorial event regulated by ARFGAP1, occurring via the C-terminus of the transporter, and is the first study to examine the role of ARFGAP1 in the endocytosis of a transport protein.The developmental complexity of muscle arises from elaborate gene regulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in muscle development through the regulation of transcription and post-transcriptional gene expression. In chickens, previous studies have focused on the lncRNA profile during the embryonic periods, but there are no studies that explore the profile from the embryonic to post-hatching period. Here, we reconstructed 14,793 lncRNA transcripts and identified 2,858 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts and 4,282 mRNAs from 12-day embryos (E12), 17-day embryos (E17), 1-day post-hatch chicks (D1), 14-day post-hatch chicks (D14), 56-day post-hatch chicks (D56), and 98-day post-hatch chicks (D98), based on our published RNA-seq datasets. We performed co-expression analysis for the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, using STEM, and identified two profiles with opposite expression trends profile 4 with a downregulated pattern and profile 21 with an upregulated pattern. The cis- and trans-regulatory interactions between the lncRNAs and mRNAs were predicted within each profile. Functional analysis of the lncRNA targets showed that lncRNAs in profile 4 contributed to the cell proliferation process, while lncRNAs in profile 21 were mainly involved in metabolism. Our work highlights the lncRNA profiles involved in the development of chicken breast muscle and provides a foundation for further experiments on the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of muscle development.

Circadian rhythms in body temperature coordinate peripheral molecular clocks, hence they could potentially predict optimal treatment timing (chronotherapy) in individual patients. Circadian parameters in chest surface body temperature (Chesttemp) were recorded remotely and in real time through the use of wearable sensors.

The dynamics of circadian oscillations in Chesttemp and core body temperature (Coretemp) and their moderation by sex and age were analysed in 38 men and 50 women, aged 21-78 years. In two studies (ST1 and ST2), Chesttemp was measured every minute and teletransmitted using a BLE-connected sensor for 3.6-28.3 days. Additionally, in ST2, Coretemp was recorded per minute in 33 age- and sex-stratified subjects using electronic ingestible pills with radio-frequency transmissions. Circadian parameters were computed using spectral analysis and cosinor modelling. The temporal relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp cosinor parameters were summarised with principal component (PC) analysis. The efa reduction in ultradian variabilities, and an increase in both Chesttemp circadian amplitude and PC1 loadings.

The dynamics relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp rhythms were largely moderated by age and sex, with results suggesting that treatment timing could be most critical for therapeutic index in women and in order people.

The dynamics relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp rhythms were largely moderated by age and sex, with results suggesting that treatment timing could be most critical for therapeutic index in women and in order people.Spaceflight can be associated with sleep loss and circadian misalignment as a result of non-24 h light-dark cycles, operational shifts in work/rest cycles, high workload under pressure, and psychological factors. Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) is an established model to mimic some of the physiological and psychological adaptions observed in spaceflight. Data on the effects of HDBR on circadian rhythms are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed the change in the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (CBT) in two 60-day HDBR studies sponsored by the European Space Agency [n = 13 men, age 31.1 ± 8.2 years (M ± SD)]. CBT was recorded for 36 h using a non-invasive and validated dual-sensor heatflux technology during the 3rd and the 8th week of HDBR. Bed rest induced a significant phase delay from the 3rd to the 8th week of HDBR (16.23 vs. 16.68 h, p = 0.005, g = 0.85) irrespective of the study site (p = 0.416, g = -0.46), corresponding to an average phase delay of about 0.9 min per day of HDBR. In conclusion, long-term bed rest weakens the entrainment of the circadian system to the 24-h day. We attribute this effect to the immobilization and reduced physical activity levels associated with HDBR. Given the critical role of diurnal rhythms for various physiological functions and behavior, our findings highlight the importance of monitoring circadian rhythms in circumstances in which gravity or physical activity levels are altered.The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a model organism, and BmNPV is a typical baculovirus. Together, these organisms form a useful model to investigate host-baculovirus interactions. Prothoracic glands (PGs) are also model organs, used to investigate the regulatory effect of synthetic ecdysone on insect growth and development. In this study, day-4 fifth instar silkworm larvae were infected with BmNPV. Wandering silkworms appeared in the infected groups 12 h earlier than in the control groups, and the ecdysone titer in infected larvae was significantly higher than that of the control larvae. We then used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze silkworm PGs 48 h after BmNPV infection. We identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were classified as mainly being involved in metabolic processes and pathways. All 15 DEGs were expressed in the PGs, of which Novel01674, BmJing, and BmAryl were specifically expressed in the PGs. The transcripts of BmNGDN, BmTrypsin-1, BmACSS3, and BmJing were significantly increased, and BmPyd3, BmTitin, BmIGc2, Novel01674, and BmAryl were significantly decreased from 24 to 72 h in the PGs after BmNPV infection. The changes in the transcription of these nine genes were generally consistent with the transcriptome data. The upregulation of BmTrypsin-1 and BmACSS3 indicate that these DEGs may be involved in the maturation process in the latter half of the fifth instar of silkworm larvae. These findings further our understanding of silkworm larval development, the interaction between BmNPV infection and the host developmental response, and host-baculovirus interactions in general.Though the current preponderance of evidence indicates the toxicity associated with the smoking of tobacco products through conventional means, less is known about the role of "vaping" in respiratory disease. "Vaping" is described as the use of electronic cigarettes (E-Cigarettes or E-Cigs), which has only more recently been available to the public (∼10 years) but has quickly emerged as a popular means of tobacco consumption worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can easily be transmitted between people in close proximity through direct contact or respiratory droplets to develop coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Symptoms of COVID-19 range from a mild flu-like illness with high fever to severe respiratory distress syndrome and death. The risk factors for increased disease severity remain unclear. Herein, we utilize a murine-tropic coronavirus (beta coronavirus) MHV-A59 along with a mouse model and measures of pathology (lung weight/dry ratios and histopathology) and inflammation (ELISAs and cytokine array panels) to examine whether vaping may exacerbate the pulmonary disease severity of coronavirus disease. While vaping alone did result in some noted pathology, mice exposed with intranasal vaped e-liquid suffered more severe mortality due to pulmonary inflammation than controls when exposed to coronavirus infection. Our data suggest a role for vaping in increased coronavirus pulmonary disease in a mouse model. Furthermore, our data indicate that disease exacerbation may involve calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation, identifying a potential therapeutic intervention.Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel, which is involved in the endogenous stress adaptation mechanism for protection of the heart as well as the occurrence and development of some heart diseases. Although the effect of activation of the TRPV1 channel on different types of non-neural cells in the heart remains unclear, most data show that stimulation of sensory nerves expressing TRPV1 or stimulation/overexpression of the TRPV1 channel has a beneficial role in heart disease. Some studies have proven that TRPV1 has an important relationship with pathological myocardial hypertrophy, but the specific mechanism and effect are not clear. In order to help researchers better understand the relationship between TRPV1 and pathological myocardial hypertrophy, this paper aims to summarize the effect of TRPV1 and the related mechanism in the occurrence and development of pathological myocardial hypertrophy from the following three points of view 1) role of TRPV1 in alleviation of pathological myocardial hypertrophy; 2) role of TRPV1 in aggravation of pathological myocardial hypertrophy; and 3) the point of view of our team of researchers. It is expected that new therapies can provide potential targets for pathological myocardial hypertrophy.Acupuncture (AP) is an important constituent of the therapeutic repertoire of traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used to alleviate chronic painful conditions all over the world. We studied in rats the efficiency of electroacupuncture (EAP) applied to the Zusanli acupoint (ST36) as an analgesic treatment over a 3-week period of time on purine (α,β-methylene ATP, dibenzoyl-ATP)- and acid (pH 6.0 medium)-induced pain in the rat paw. The two ATP derivatives stimulated P2X3 and P2X7 receptors, respectively, while the slightly acidic medium stimulated the "acid-sensitive ion channel 3" (ASIC3). It was found that the P2X7 receptor and ASIC-mediated pain was counteracted by EAP with greater efficiency at the end than at the beginning of the treatment schedule, while the P2X3 receptor-mediated pain was not. Our findings have important clinical and theoretical consequences, among others, because they are difficult to reconcile with the assumption that AP is primarily due to the release of peripheral and central opioid peptides causing the well-known tolerance to their effects. In consequence, AP is a convenient therapeutic instrument to treat subacute and chronic pain.Repeated intake of methamphetamine (METH) leads to drug addiction, the inability to control intake, and strong drug cravings. It is also likely to cause psychiatric impairments, such as cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety. Because the specific neurobiological mechanisms involved are complex and have not been fully and systematically elucidated, there is no established pharmacotherapy for METH abuse. click here Studies have found that a variety of Chinese herbal medicines have significant therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms and have the advantage of multitarget comprehensive treatment. We conducted a systematic review, from neurobiological mechanisms to candidate Chinese herbal medicines, hoping to provide new perspectives and ideas for the prevention and treatment of METH abuse.