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19 ± 0.02 g/L and 0.537 ± 0.053 for tris-grown culture, respectively. The pH 7.0-7.5 was determined as an optimum, whereas pH 6.5-7.0 and 8.0-8.5 were found to affect the growth and induce palmelloidy. The OD and AFDW of culture grown in NH4HCO3 were found equivalent to a standard nitrogen source (NH4Cl), whereas culture shown poor growth in urea. Based on these data, NH4HCO3 media recipe and the optimized cultivation parameters were selected for photoautotrophic cultivation of Chlamydomonas in greenhouse open ponds.

To assess the readability of patient-targeted online information on musculoskeletal radiology procedures.

Eleven common musculoskeletal radiology procedures were queried in three online search engines (Google, Yahoo!, Bing). All unique patient-targeted websites were identified (n = 384) from the first three pages of search results. The reading grade level of each website was calculated using 6 separate validated metrics for readability assessment. Analysis of word and sentence complexity was also performed. CompK Results were compared between academic vs. non-academic websites and between websites found on different pages of the search results. Statistics were performed using a t test.

The mean reading grade level across all procedures was 10th-14th grade. Webpages for nerve block were written at a higher reading grade level on non-academic websites (p = 0.025). There was no difference in reading grade levels between academic and non-academic sources for all other procedures. There was no difference in reading grade levels between websites found on the first page of search results compared with the second and third pages. Across all websites, 16-22% of the words used had 3+ syllables and 31-43% of the words used had 6+ characters (complex words); 13-24% of the sentences used had 22+ words (complex sentences).

Patient-targeted online information on musculoskeletal radiology procedures are written at the 10th-14th grade reading level, which is well beyond the AMA and NIH recommendation. Readability can be lowered by decreasing text complexity through limitation of high-syllable words and reduction in word and sentence length.

Patient-targeted online information on musculoskeletal radiology procedures are written at the 10th-14th grade reading level, which is well beyond the AMA and NIH recommendation. Readability can be lowered by decreasing text complexity through limitation of high-syllable words and reduction in word and sentence length.

Medial femoral neck fractures are typically managed with hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients. There is a debate as to which treatment predominates. The literatures have reported better outcomes for those patients with proximal femur fracture who were treated in an orthogeriatric centres compared to standard orthopaedic hospitals. Therefore, we have analysed the differences of outcome between HA and THA on patients, exclusively treated in orthogeriatric co-management and compared the results with the available literature.

We conducted a retrospective registry analysis of the Registry for Geriatric Trauma DGU

. Between 2016 and 2018, data for 16,236 patients from 78 different hospitals were available they were analysed univariably, and differences between HA and THA were examined using propensity score matching, according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, Identification-of-Seniors-At-Risk (ISAR) Score, anticoagulation level, sex, age, and walkinondition might be important for the choice between THA and HA.

Due to better walking ability and QoL, THA might be the better choice in healthier and more mobile patients, while HA would be better for multimorbid patients to avoid additional complication-associated treatments. Not the age of the patient but the preoperative condition might be important for the choice between THA and HA.Excessive pulmonary inflammatory response is critical in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Previously, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as an important regulator of inflammation in various diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of miRNAs on inflammatory response in ALI remain unclear. Herein, we tried to screen miRNAs in the processes of ALI and elucidate the potential mechanism. Using a microarray assay, microRNA let-7e (let-7e) was chose as our target for its reported suppressive roles in several inflammatory diseases. Down-regulation of let-7e by antagomiR-let-7e injection attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury. We also found that antagomiR-let-7e could obviously improve the survival rate in ALI mice. Moreover, antagomiR-let-7e treatment reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of LPS-induced ALI mice. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a powerful attenuator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, was directly targeted and suppressed by let-7e in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, it was further observed that SOCS1 was down-regulated, and inversely correlated with let-7e expression levels in lung tissues of ALI mice. Finally, down-regulation of let-7e suppressed the activation of NF-κB pathway, as evidenced by the reduction of p-IκBα, and nuclear p-p65 expressions in ALI mice. Collectively, our findings indicate that let-7e antagomir protects mice against LPS-induced lung injury via repressing the pulmonary inflammation though regulation of SOCS1/NF-κB pathway, and let-7e may act as a potential therapeutic target for ALI.

The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC).

We analyzed eighty patients with unresectable LA-ESCC, who underwent definitive CRT between 2001 and 2014. The 5-year overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were calculated, and we investigated the prognostic factors and adverse events.

The median age was 66years (range, 41-83years). Histologically, all patients had squamous cell carcinoma. The most common tumor site was the middle thoracic esophagus in 43 (54%) patients. According to the eighth edition of the Union for International Cancer Control TNM classification, sixty-six patients (83%) had T4 disease, 59 (74%) had regional lymph node (LN) metastases, and 35 (44%) had distant LN metastases beyond the regional LN (M1 LYM) disease. Forty-five (56%) and 35 (44%) patients belong to clinical stages IVA and IVB, respectively.