Iqbalmangum0009

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alloimmunization targeting major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens is common following platelet transfusion. Pathogen reduction of platelets can block alloimmunization to MHC in mice and induce partial antigen-specific tolerance to subsequent transfusions. This study utilized small allelic variants to evaluate the relative contributions of class I and class II MHC to the alloresponse against untreated or pathogen-reduced platelets. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 (B6) Kbm1 and B6 IAbm12 mice with small variants in the class I Kb and class II IAb alleles, respectively, were used as platelet donors for wild-type B6 recipients. Both untreated and pathogen-reduced platelet-rich plasma (PRP) transfusions were evaluated for immunogenicity by measuring antibody responses and ex vivo cytokine production. RESULTS Both the Kbm1 and IAbm12 alleles induced antibody responses, though the response to Kbm1 was greater. Pathogen reduction blocked the antibody responses to IAbm12 , but not to Kbm1 . Both the Kbm1 and IAbm12 alleles primed ex vivo cytokine responses that were blocked with pathogen reduction, though responses to IAbm12 were broader and larger (Kbm1 responses IFN-γ, TNFα, and MIP-1β; IAbm12 responses IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF). Pathogen-reduced Kbm1 PRP did not appear to induce any tolerance to subsequent untreated Kbm1 PRP transfusions. CONCLUSION Minor allelic variants in both the class I and class II MHC are capable of inducing an alloresponse to transfusion. The Kbm1 PRP induced alloantibodies even with pathogen reduction and did not show signs of inducing the partial tolerance to subsequent transfusions observed with a larger MHC mismatch. © 2020 International Society of Blood Transfusion.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Mi(a+) GP(B-A-B) hybrid phenotypes occur with a prevalence of 2%-23% across Southeast Asia. While the s antigen is alleged to be altered, no evidence for specific variants is known. Screening using a monoclonal IgM anti-s mistyped six S-s+ RBC units as S-s-. Further, alloanti-s was identified in an S+s+ patient. Our objective was to investigate the s antigen further. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA from 63 Thai blood donor samples PCR-positive for a GYP(B-A-B) hybrid was sequenced with primers spanning GYPB exons 3-4. Flow cytometry was used for semiquantitative analysis of s expression and correlated with the glycophorin genotype. RESULTS DNA sequencing showed that GYP*Mur was carried by 56/63 samples (88·9%) of which 5/56 lacked normal GYPB three of these were GYP*Mur homozygotes, one was a compound heterozygote carrying GYP*Mur and a GYP*Bun-like allele (designated GYP*Thai), and the fifth sample carried GYP*Mur and another GYP*Bun-like allele. Seven samples (7/63) were GYP*Thai heterozygotes. IgM monoclonal anti-s (P3BER) did not react with the s antigen carried by GP.Mur or GP.Bun, whereas two IgG anti-s showed enhanced reactivity. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that GYP*Mur is the most frequent variant in Thai blood donors and also identified GYP*Thai with a frequency of 1·1%. We showed that s antigen on Mi(a+) GP(B-A-B) hybrids is qualitatively altered and should be considered when selecting reagents for phenotyping where such hybrids are prevalent, endemically and in blood centres worldwide. © 2020 The Authors. Vox Sanguinis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Blood Transfusion.INTRODUCTION Direct observation of everyday task performance is considered the most accurate measure of independence for individuals with executive function impairments. However, few observation-based measures have been shown to have sound psychometric qualities and be clinically applicable. The objective of this study was to investigate the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Profile's structural validity using exploratory factor analyses and internal consistency in order to identify the minimum set of tasks required to achieve reliable scores in each of three ADL environments (personal, home and community). METHODS Ninety-one persons with a severe traumatic brain injury aged 16-40 years (convenience sample) were recruited from a university affiliated level 1 trauma hospital. The 17 observation-based tasks of the ADL Profile were administered by one of five occupational therapists, either in the hospital or in the subjects' home and community environments. This measure of independence considers goal formulationralia.PURPOSE Accurate identification of the prostatic urethra and bladder can help determine dosing and evaluate urinary toxicity during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in patients with localized prostate cancer. However, it is challenging to locate the prostatic urethra in planning CT (pCT). In the present study, we developed a multi-atlas-based auto-segmentation method for prostatic urethra identification using deformable image registration accuracy prediction with machine learning (ML) and assessed its feasibility. METHODS We examined 120 patients with prostate cancer treated with IMRT. All patients underwent temporary urinary catheter placement for identification and contouring of the prostatic urethra in pCT images (ground truth). Our method comprises the following three steps (1) select four atlas datasets from the atlas datasets using the deformable image registration (DIR) accuracy prediction model, (2) deform them by structure-based DIR, (3) and propagate urethra contour using displaaterman et al., p less then 0.001); our proposed method showed the highest accuracy. In segmented CLD, CLD in the top 1/3 segment was highly improved from that of Waterman et.al. and was slightly improved from that of Acosta et.al., with results of 2.49 ± 1.78 mm (our proposed method), 2.95 ± 1.75 mm (Acosta et al., p = 0.42), and 5.76 ± 3.09 mm (Waterman et al., p less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We developed a DIR accuracy prediction model-based multi-atlas-based auto-segmentation method for prostatic urethra identification. Our method identified prostatic urethra with mean error of 2.09 mm, likely due to combined effects of SVR model employment in patient selection, modified atlas dataset characteristics and DIR algorithm. Our method has potential utility in prostate cancer IMRT and can replace use of temporary indwelling urinary catheters. JTC-801 mw This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.