Hyldgaardmcdonough3871
"A quick glance at selected topics in this issue" aims to highlight contents of the Journal and provide a quick review to the readers.Chicken blastoderm cells (cBCs) obtained from stage X (EG&K) embryos are easily available materials for the study of cell development. However, cBCs are not widely used because they are hard to maintain in long-term culture in vitro. To solve this problem, ascorbic acid (AA; also known as vitamin C (VC)) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were added into basic culture medium to promote cell growth. Results suggested that cultured cBCs possessed strongly proliferative activity and maintained their pluripotency on the support of chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) feeder. Moreover, when VC or/and ATRA was added, the number and area of cBC colonies increased significantly compared with the control group. The expression of pluripotency genes (Sox2 and Nanog) and cell cycle-regulated genes (CCND1 and CDK6) was upregulated obviously. Furthermore, results showed that 5hmC levels in VC and RA groups increased significantly by DNA dot blot and immunofluorescence staining. These results provide strong evidence that VC and ATRA induced DNA demethylation and enhanced 5hmC level. The level of H3K27me3 was raised, while the level of H3K9me2 was reduced by addition of VC and ATRA. Finally, the expression of Tet1 and Dnmt3b was upregulated remarkably. Therefore, these results indicated that VC and ATRA enhanced DNA demethylation and then promoted cBC survival and proliferation in vitro.
To evaluate the influence of sharpening filters in the detection of root fractures using low-dose cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Eighty-four CBCT volumes acquired at three mA levels of 28 teeth inserted in the dental socket of dry human skull were selected from a previous study. The teeth were divided into four groups according to the presence and absence of root fracture and endodontic filling. Five radiologists evaluated all CBCT volumes for the presence of root fracture with and without the application of "Sharpen 1x" and "Sharpen 2x" filters in OnDemand3D software. Area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and inter- and intra-observer concordance were calculated and compared (α = 0.05).
Sharpening filters did not lead to significant differences in AUC, sensitivity, and specificity at the three mA levels tested (p > 0.05), regardless of the presence of endodontic filling (p > 0.05). However, the significant reduction of AUC observed in CBCT volumes at 4mA without filter (p < 0.05) ceased to exist after the application of filters (p > 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity ranged from low and moderate.
The use of sharpening filters can be recommended in CBCT volumes at 4mA for root fracture detection for leading to the same performance as those at 6.3 and 10mA. The presence of endodontic filling material did not influence the action of filters in the diagnosis of root fracture.
Sharpening filters seem to contribute to the diagnosis of root fracture in CBCT volumes acquired with reduced radiation dose.
Sharpening filters seem to contribute to the diagnosis of root fracture in CBCT volumes acquired with reduced radiation dose.A model is developed for describing the transport of charged colloidal particles in an evaporating sessile droplet on the electrified metal substrate in the presence of a solvent flow. The model takes into account the electric charge of colloidal particles and small ions produced by electrolytic dissociation of the active groups on the colloidal particles and solvent molecules. We employ a system of self-consistent Poisson and Nernst-Planck equations for electric potential and average concentrations of colloidal particles and ions with the appropriate boundary conditions. The fluid dynamics, temperature distribution and evaporation process are described with the Navier-Stokes equations, equations of heat conduction and vapor diffusion in air, respectively. The developed model is used to carry out a first-principles numerical simulation of charged silica colloidal particle transport in an evaporating aqueous droplet. We find that electric double layers can be destroyed by a sufficiently strong fluid flow.
Digital PET/CT systems make use of a new technology with higher sensitivity and other better technological features than the analog ones. They require adaptation of the trade-off between performance, tracer dose and acquisition time. The aim of the study was to explore the performance of
F-JK-PSMA-7 imaging when performed on a digital PET/CT with an adapted protocol, in a population of patients with prostate cancer patients (PCa). Influence of previous therapy on PET/CT performance is generally disregarded in PSMA-based imaging, despite potential influence of hormono-chemotherapy on the target expression. FIN56 clinical trial This potential influence was also tested in this work.
A total of 54 PCa patients experiencing biochemical recurrence were included in the study, in which we analysed the diagnostic performance of digital
F-JK-PSMA-7 PET/CT. Compared to our protocol applied for acquisition on an analog system, administered dose and acquisition time were reduced by 20% and 50% respectively. We specifically took into consideration the influence of previous treatments on recurrence detection.
We detected overall
F-JK-PSMA-7-positive lesions in 38/54 patients (70.3%). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the detection rate between the groups of patients who had hormono-chemotherapy any time after initial diagnosis and those who never got any hormonal or chemotherapeutic treatment. Regarding the SUV max values, there was not significant difference between the two groups of patients neither in pelvic ganglions nor in other metastatic sites or the prostate region.
-JK-PSMA7 PET/CT with administered dose and acquisition time adapted to the digital technology provides valuable information in PCa patients with biochemical recurrence.
18F-JK-PSMA7 PET/CT with administered dose and acquisition time adapted to the digital technology provides valuable information in PCa patients with biochemical recurrence.Gene expression evaluation in cells and biological tissues has been crucial for research in biology, medicine, biotechnology, and diagnostic. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels show relationship with gene expression, and they can be measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the quantification of steady-state mRNA levels in cells and biological tissues. Radiations emitted from low-power lasers induce photobiomodulation, which is the base of therapeutic protocols for disease treatment. Despite that the understanding on photobiomodulation has been improved by mRNA level evaluation, laser irradiation parameters and procedures are diversified among studies, harming the comparison of RT-qPCR data. In this systematic review, data from mRNA levels reported in photobiomodulation studies were summarized regarding the process, function, and gene. Literature search was conducted for the assessment of published reports on mRNA levels evaluated by RT-qPCR in cells and biological tissues exposed to low-power lasers. Data showed that mRNA levels have been evaluated by RT-qPCR for a variety of genes related to molecular, cellular, and systemic processes after low-power violet-orange, red, and infrared laser exposure. Results from gene expression have increased the understanding of the mechanisms involved in photobiomodulation, and they can be useful to increase the efficacy and safety of clinical applications based on low-power lasers.
The tissue-to-plasma partition coefficient (K
) describes the extent of tissue distribution in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. Constant-rate infusion studies are common for experimental determination of the steady-state K
, while the tissue-plasma concentration ratio (C
/C
) in the terminal phase after intravenous doses is often utilized. The Chen and Gross (C&G) method converts a terminal slope C
/C
to K
based on assumptions of perfusion-limited distribution in tissue-plasma equilibration. However, considering blood flow (Q
) and apparent tissue permeability (f
PS
) in the rate of tissue distribution, this report extends the C&G method by utilizing a fractional distribution parameter (f
).
Relevant PBPK equations for non-eliminating and eliminating organs along with lung and liver were derived for the conversion of C
/C
values to K
. The relationships were demonstrated in rats with measured C
/C
and K
values and the model-dependent f
for 8 compounds with a range of permeability coefficients. Several methods of assessing K
were compared.
Utilizing f
in an extended C&G method, our estimations of K
from C
/C
were improved, particularly for lower permeability compounds. However, four in silico methods for estimating K
performed poorly across tissues in comparison with measured K
values. Mathematical relationships between K
and K
that are generally applicable for eliminating organs with tissue permeability limitations necessitates inclusion of an extraction ratio (ER) and f
.
Since many different types/sources of K
are present in the literature and used in PBPK models, these perspectives and equations should provide better insights in measuring and interpreting K
values in PBPK.
Since many different types/sources of Kp are present in the literature and used in PBPK models, these perspectives and equations should provide better insights in measuring and interpreting Kp values in PBPK.
In vitro human blood-brain barrier (BBB) models in combination with central nervous system-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (CNS-PBPK) modeling, hereafter referred to as the "BBB/PBPK" method, are expected to contribute to prediction of brain drug concentration profiles in humans. As part of our ongoing effort to develop a BBB/PBPK method, we tried to clarify the relationship of in vivo BBB permeability data to those in vitro obtained from a human immortalized cell-based tri-culture BBB model (hiBBB), which we have recently created.
The hiBBB models were developed and functionally characterized as previously described. The in vitro BBB permeabilities (Pe, × 10
cm/s) of seventeen compounds were determined by permeability assays, and in vivo BBB permeabilities (Q
) for eight drugs were estimated by CNS-PBPK modeling. The correlation of the Pe values with the Q
values was analyzed by linear regression analysis.
The hiBBB models showed intercellular barrier properties and several BBB transporter functions, which were enough to provide a wide dynamic range of Pe values from 5.7 ± 0.7 (rhodamine 123) to 2580.4 ± 781.9 (rivastigmine). Furthermore, the in vitro Pe values of the eight drugs showed a good correlation (R
= 0.96) with their in vivo Q
values estimated from human clinical data.
We show that in vitro human BBB models provide clinically relevant BBB permeability that can be used as input for CNS-PBPK modeling. Therefore, our findings will encourage the development of a BBB/PBPK method as a promising approach for predicting brain drug concentration profiles in humans.
We show that in vitro human BBB models provide clinically relevant BBB permeability that can be used as input for CNS-PBPK modeling. Therefore, our findings will encourage the development of a BBB/PBPK method as a promising approach for predicting brain drug concentration profiles in humans.
