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In recent years, activated persulfate (PS) oxidation has been developed as a new advanced oxidation process for the degradation of organic pollutants. On the other hand, the mechanochemical method has exhibited a unique advantage in dealing with chemical wastes. The degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR), in wastes has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the efficacy of a CaO-mechanochemical (CaO-MC) treatment system assisted by the addition of PS for the degradation of TBBPA was investigated. Under the optimum reaction conditions with a mole ratio of PSCaO = 14 and less than 12.5% of TBBPA by mass, the degradation and debromination of TBBPA were completed within 2 h, while the mineralization was completed within 4 h. Characterization of the milled sample by XRD revealed that CaSO4 crystallization occurred. The TG results illustrate that there was little organic matter left after 4 h of milling. Raman and FT-IR spectra exhibited the TBBPA destruction process and disappearance of the organic groups. Through analysis by LC/MS/MS, seventeen intermediates were identified. The mechanism of TBBPA degradation by the PS-assisted CaO-MC treatment system was explained from two aspects, the course of crystallization and the degradation of TBBPA by activated PS, and two parallel initiation pathways were proposed.

The aim of this prospective study was to clarify whether dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET imaging results are useful to predict long-term survival of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients.

Fifty IPF patients underwent (18)F-FDG PET examinations at 2 time points 60 min (early imaging) and 180 min (delayed imaging) after (18)F-FDG injection. The standardized uptake value (SUV) at each point and retention index value (RI-SUV) calculated from those were evaluated, and then the results were compared with overall and progression-free survival.

A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed higher RI-SUV and higher extent of fibrosis score as independent predictors of shorter progression-free survival. The median progression-free survival for patients with negative RI-SUV was better than that for those with positive RI-SUV (27.9 vs. 13.3 mo, P = 0.0002). On the other hand, multivariate Cox analysis showed higher RI-SUV and lower forced vital capacity to be independent predictors of shorter overall survival. The 5-y survival rate for patients with negative RI-SUV was better than that for those with positive RI-SUV (76.8% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.00001). In addition, a univariate Cox model showed that positive RI-SUV as a binary variable was a significant indicator of mortality (hazard ratio, 7.31; 95% confidence interval, 2.64-20.3; P = 0.0001).

Our results demonstrate that positive RI-SUV is strongly predictive of earlier deterioration of pulmonary function and higher mortality in patients with IPF.

Our results demonstrate that positive RI-SUV is strongly predictive of earlier deterioration of pulmonary function and higher mortality in patients with IPF.

The goal of this study was to clarify whether binding potential (BP) images using (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B ((11)C-PiB) and dynamic PET can reliably detect cortical amyloid deposits for patients whose (11)C-PiB PET static images are ambiguous and whether visual ratings are affected by white matter retention.

Static and BP images were constructed for 85 consecutive patients with cognitive impairment after (11)C-PiB dynamic PET. Cortical uptake was visually assessed as positive, negative, or equivocal for both types of images. Quantitatively, the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) from the static image, the nondisplaceable BP from the dynamic image for mean gray matter uptake, and the ratio of gray matter uptake to white matter retention were compared among (11)C-PiB-positive, (11)C-PiB-equivocal, and (11)C-PiB-negative groups.

Forty-three scans were visually assessed as (11)C-PiB-positive in both the static and the BP images. find more Ten scans were (11)C-PiB-equivocal in the static images. In 8 of them, thh as SUVR and nondisplaceable BP, are of no use for correctly rating equivocal visual findings.

(11)C-PiB PET BP images can clarify visual interpretation of clinical static (11)C-PiB-equivocal images by reducing the interference of nonspecific white matter retention. link2 We conclude that (11)C-PiB-equivocal PET findings on static images reflect cortical amyloid deposits, which can be verified using BP images. Furthermore, quantitative assessments, such as SUVR and nondisplaceable BP, are of no use for correctly rating equivocal visual findings.

(18)F-FDG PET/CT has been proven to be a highly sensitive method for pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PHEOs/PGLs) associated with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations. link3 This finding has been attributed to altered tumor cell metabolism resulting from these mutations and does not provide additional prognostic information to genotype. Therefore, identification of new biomarkers for aggressiveness is needed. A high Ki-67 index was proposed to be an additional prognostic factor. This pilot study aimed to evaluate 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) PET/CT, a PET proliferation tracer, as a potential imaging agent in a series of 12 PHEO/PGL patients with different genetic backgrounds, to compare (18)F-FLT uptake with (18)F-FDG PET/CT, and to evaluate classic factors of aggressiveness.

Twelve patients (7 metastatic and 5 nonmetastatic) were prospectively evaluated with (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT and followed for at least 2 y after the initial imaging work-up. Uptake was assessed at a lesion level, visuauggests that PHEOs/PGLs-even those that progress-do not exhibit intense (18)F-FLT uptake. It provides the first in vivo demonstration that proliferation may not be a major determinant of (18)F-FDG uptake in these tumors. These findings provide new insight into the biologic behavior of PGL and suggest that antiproliferative agents may be suboptimal for treatment of these tumors.

Recently, the existence of significant deposits of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human adults was confirmed. Its role in the human metabolism is unknown but could be substantial. Inhibition of the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) by the antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) has been associated with activation of BAT thermogenesis and weight loss in mice and rats. The role of peripheral and central CB1 in the activation of BAT merits further investigation. Here we developed a technique for quantifying CB1 in BAT by PET.

Sections of rat BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were stained for CB1 and uncoupling protein-1 by immunofluorescent staining. Binding of the radiolabeled CB1 antagonist (3R,5R)-5-(3-(18F-fluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one ((18)F-FMPEP-d2) to BAT in vivo and in vitro was assessed in rats by PET.

We found that CB1 was colocalized with uncoupling protein-1 in BAT, but neither protein was found in WAT. Binding of the radiotracer to BAT sections (but not WAT) in vitro was high and displaceable by pretreatment with rimonabant. Deposits of BAT in rats had significant binding of (18)F-FMPEP-d2 in vivo, indicating high CB1 density. WAT deposits were negative for (18)F-FMPEP-d2, consistent with the immunofluorescent staining and in vitro results.

(18)F-FMPEP-d2 PET can quantify CB1 density noninvasively in vivo in rats. CB1 is therefore a promising surrogate imaging biomarker for assessing the presence of BAT deposits as well as for elucidating the mechanism of CB1 antagonist-mediated weight loss.

(18)F-FMPEP-d2 PET can quantify CB1 density noninvasively in vivo in rats. CB1 is therefore a promising surrogate imaging biomarker for assessing the presence of BAT deposits as well as for elucidating the mechanism of CB1 antagonist-mediated weight loss.

Postsystolic shortening (PSS), which is a delayed myocardial contraction that occurs after end-systole, has been considered an important diagnostic index of myocardial ischemia. Recent technological advancements in quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) software enables the left ventricular (LV) regional analysis and may be useful for PSS measurement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether PSS at the resting condition determined by QGS is useful to identify patients with coronary artery disease.

The study comprised 146 patients (mean age ± SD, 71 ± 8 y; 98 men) with normal LV wall motion (mean LV ejection fraction ± SD, 72% ± 9%) who underwent both coronary angiography and resting (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion SPECT. The sum of the difference between post-end-systolic maximal LV thickening and end-systolic LV thickening, designated PSS index, was calculated from 17 LV myocardial segments using QGS.

The PSS index was significantly higher in patients with significant stenosis of the coronary artery than in the other patients (9.8 ± 10.2 vs. 5.6 ± 5.1; P < 0.01). A cutoff point of 6.0 of the PSS index had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of 55%, 70%, 76%, and 47%, respectively, for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a PSS index greater than 6.0 was an independent predictor for the presence of coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.4; P < 0.05).

Among subjects with normal LV function, PSS index even in the resting condition determined using QGS may help to identify patients with coronary artery disease.

Among subjects with normal LV function, PSS index even in the resting condition determined using QGS may help to identify patients with coronary artery disease.

This study aimed to use spatiotemporal PET imaging to investigate the dynamic metabolic changes after a combined therapeutic approach of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neuronal stem cells (NSCs), and Chinese patent medicine in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cerebral ischemia was established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion approach. Thirty-six male rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the 6 groups control phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Chinese patent medicine (Qing-kai-ling [QKL]), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), combination of iPSCs and QKL, neuronal stem cells (NSCs), and combination of NSCs and QKL. Serial (18)F-FDG small-animal PET imaging and neurofunctional tests were performed weekly. Autoradiographic imaging and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses were performed at 4 wk after stem cell transplantation.

Compared with the PBS control group, significantly higher (18)F-FDG accumulations in the ipsilateral cerebral infarction were observedDG demonstrated dynamic metabolic and functional recovery after iPSCs or NSCs combined with QKL in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. iPSCs or NSCs combined with Chinese medicine QKL seemed to be a better therapeutic approach than these stem cells used individually.

(11)C-erlotinib is a PET tracer to distinguish responders from nonresponders to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and may also be of interest to predict distribution of erlotinib to tissues targeted for treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate if the known interaction of erlotinib with the multidrug efflux transporters breast cancer resistance protein (humans, ABCG2; rodents, Abcg2) and P-glycoprotein (humans, ABCB1; rodents, Abcb1a/b) affects tissue distribution and excretion of (11)C-erlotinib and has an influence on the ability of (11)C-erlotinib PET to predict erlotinib tissue distribution at therapeutic doses.

Wild-type and Abcb1a/b or Abcg2 knockout mice underwent (11)C-erlotinib PET/MR scans, with or without the coinjection of a pharmacologic dose of erlotinib (10 mg/kg) or after pretreatment with the ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar (10 mg/kg). Integration plot analysis was used to determine organ uptake (CLuptake) and biliary excretion (CLbile) clearances of radioactivity.