Hwanggross6627

The maximum entry or exit point deviation in both groups was 4.7 mm. The mean angle deviation was <3.5°, and the maximum angle deviation was 9.3°.

No difference was detected in accuracy of entry points and angle deviations between drill guide designs tested in normal vertebrae. The technique was classified as highly safe.

A unilateral drill guide design may be a safe alternative to bilateral guides for unilateral stabilization of the thoracolumbar vertebral column in dogs.

A unilateral drill guide design may be a safe alternative to bilateral guides for unilateral stabilization of the thoracolumbar vertebral column in dogs.

To report the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of young patients with prolactinomas (<20years) and conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical, biochemical and radiological data (1996-2018) were collected from our centre. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature (1994-2019) on prolactinoma (age <20years) were conducted. Both random and fixed effects meta-analysis were used to pool outcomes across studies. RESULTS 1 CASE SERIES Twenty-two patients (14 females) were identified; median age at diagnosis 15.7years (range 13-19); 12 patients (6 females) had a macroprolactinoma. Seven patients (macroprolactinoma-6) had associated pituitary hormone deficiencies at presentation. Five patients (4 males) underwent surgical resection due to poor response to cabergoline or apoplexy. Patients undergoing surgery had larger tumours (p<.02) and higher serum prolactin concentration (p<.005). All patients with macroprolactinoma >20mm required surgical interventioal intervention. While overall prolactinomas in less then 20 years age group are more common in females, the proportion of macroprolactinoma vs microprolactinoma is greater in males, particularly for large invasive tumours. Microprolactinoma is a rare diagnosis in adolescent males.The surgical treatment of external coxa saltans is not standardized. Many techniques for iliotibial release have been described, both open and arthroscopic. No technique describes ultrasound release. In this cadaveric study, we describe a minimally invasive technique for percutaneous iliotibial release with ultrasound guidance, designed to be performed under local anesthesia. The future objective would be to perform an active intraoperative test of the snapping hip to confirm adequate release, thus reducing the risk of recurrence.

To evaluate the length and diameter of a left external jugular vein graft as a substitute for the left subclavian artery in the modified Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt (mBTTS) in differently sized dogs.

Cadaveric study.

Dog cadavers of three weight categories (10/group) <9.5 kg, 9.5 to 27 kg, and > 27 kg.

The length and infused external diameters of harvested vessels were measured with vernier calipers and recorded. A matched-pairs t test was used to test the difference in vessel lengths. The agreement in vessel diameters was assessed by using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Pearson's correlation coefficients (CC) were determined for vessel diameter to weight category and vessel length to weight category.

The external jugular vein measured longer than the subclavian artery in all dogs (52.0 ± 20.8 mm and 23.0 ± 8.9 mm, respectively), with a mean difference of 28 ± 14.3 mm (P < .001). The mean external infused subclavian and external jugular diameters measured 7.8 ± 2.2 mm and 8.0 ± 2.5 mm, respectively (P = .32). Lin's CCC was 0.87. Pearson's CC were 0.74 in both vessel diameters (P < .001); they were 0.36 and 0.43, respectively, for subclavian artery and external juglar vein length (P < .001).

Autologous external jugular vein grafts had an external diameter similar to subclavian artery and a significantly longer length in variably sized dogs.

External jugular vein grafts may be an acceptable graft choice for mBTTS.

External jugular vein grafts may be an acceptable graft choice for mBTTS.Social support and an emerging sense of community are common in flooding, but postflood group dynamics have not been fully addressed. Iruplinalkib In the context of a flooded community, we explore how social identification with one's community emerges and affects well-being, collective efficacy, and social support. Results from a quantitative survey show that social identification was positively associated with common fate, collective efficacy, and well-being through residents' expectations of support and shared goals. Importantly, social identification and disaster exposure interacted For flooded residents, observing support was associated with providing support regardless of levels of social identification. For unaffected residents there was no association between observed and provided support, regardless of levels of social identification. However, for indirectly affected residents observing support was associated to providing support but only when they highly identified with the community. We argue that structural factors should also be considered when exploring the effects of group membership.

The fetal liver circulation has an important role in fetal growth. The intra-hepatic Umbilical-Porto-Systemic Venous Shunt (IHUPSVS) causes a reduction of the umbilical blood flow to the liver and has been reported to have a restrictive effect on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of IHUPSVS on fetal growth.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of IHUPSVS diagnosed between 2001 and 2019. IHUPSVS was defined as any abnormal communication between any branch of the portal vein and hepatic vein. Pre- and postnatal characteristics were collected from medical files and compared between cases with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and those appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Twenty-five fetuses were included in the study. Eighteen (72%) had last estimated fetal weight and birth weight below the 10th centile, four (16%) of them between the third and fifth centile, and 11 (44%) below the third centile. Median gestational age at delivery was lower for FGR than AGA fetuses (37 vs.