Hvidwood9004

The remarkable enhancement of phenolic monomer generation and hydrogen was achieved through catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas fir over nanocellulose derived biochar catalyst for the first time. The main compositions of produced bio-oil were phenolic monomers, furans, and naphthalenes, etc., in which the phenolic monomers were dominant compositions. And at the temperature of 650 °C and 3 of biochar to biomass ratio, the quantification results showed that the concentration of phenol was increased to 53.77 mg/mL from 15.76 mg/mL of free of biochar catalyst. The concentration of cresols were facilitated to 44.51 mg/mL from 20.95 mg/mL, while the concentration of dimethylphenols reduced to 7.76 mg/mL from 9.11 mg/mL. Up to 85.32 vol% of hydrogen was observed, increasing from 45.53 vol% of the non-catalytic process. After 15 cycles of reuse, biochar catalysts still favored to produce a much higher concentration of phenolic monomers and hydrogen than that of absence of biochar catalysts.In this study, the effect of Fe3+ on the start-up of Anammox process was investigated. Four EGSB reactors were operated with the addition of 0 (R1), 0.04 (R2), 0.08 (R3) and 0.14 (R4) mmol/L Fe3+, respectively. The results showed that Fe3+ remarkably improved the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and operation efficiency of the reactor. After 180 days, the influent NH4+-N concentration in the four reactors was 201.4, 301.8, 343.2, 380.2 mg N/L, and the NLR was 589.3, 877.6, 993.0, 1105.8 mg N/(L·d), respectively. And the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) in R2, R3 and R4 was respectively 1.54, 1.73 and 1.94 times of that in R1. High throughput sequencing revealed that Fe3+ could promote the enrichment of Anammox bacteria Candidatus Brocadia. Moreover, the analysis by qPCR indicated that the abundance of Anammox 16S rRNA gene and the functional gene hzsB increased, which showed a positive correlation with the concentration of Fe3+.This study evaluated the effectiveness of biochar addition against high organic loading shock (OLS) of 80 kg COD/m3/d in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (R1 with biochar; R2 without biochar). After OLS of 24 h, R2 suffered the irreversible acidification (pH of 5.42 ± 0.07) with low biogas production of 0.08 ± 0.01 m3/kg COD/d. In contrast, the biogas production in R1 restored rapidly to 0.33 ± 0.04 m3/kg COD/d, and effluent pH in R1 returned to 7.01 ± 0.22. DLinMC3DMA With addition of biochar, potential direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) partners, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-oxidizing bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Smithella, Desulfovibrio, Geobacter) and methanogens (Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina) were enriched in R1, which were conductive to maintain the balance of acidogenesis and methanogenesis. Moreover, the retention of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina coupled with biochar maintained the structural stability of granular sludge in R1 under the pressure of OLS and VFAs, which guaranteed the stability of anaerobic system.A pre and post (1, 4, and 9-12 months follow up) survey of psychosocial variables was used to examine the effect of a compulsory pre-licence driver education program for drivers aged 16-20 years, in the Australian Capital Territory. While the final survey was collected by telephone, all other surveys were completed online. Two-way mixed ANOVAs revealed that sensation seeking and optimism bias increased over time while illusionary invulnerability and differential association fell. Participants perceived driving as more risky 9-12 months after completing the course compared to their views prior to the course. These results suggest that the program may have a limited effect on these five psychosocial factors over time. Policy makers may need to carefully consider the reasons for providing driver education, the optimal time during the licensing process to provide this education, and the financial and social costs of doing so.Rural highways are an important component of highway networks in developing countries. The high fatality rates of single-vehicle crashes in these highways recently attracted increasing attention. Given that most studies on the factors that affect the severity of single-vehicle crashes in rural highways were conducted in developing countries, the present study investigated this issue in a Chinese setting by analyzing the single-vehicle crash data of rural highways in Anhui Province, China from 2014 to 2017. First, in consideration of the unobserved heterogeneity of crash data, a method that combines latent class analysis (LCA) and binary logistic regression (BLR), which is called LC-BLR, was applied to identify the significant factors that affect the severity of single-vehicle crashes in rural highways. Second, the goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy of the LC-BLR model and the BLR model were compared. Results revealed that the performance of the former was more satisfactory than that of the latter. Finally, countermeasures were proposed based on the analysis of the main factors that affect each sub-class crash in the LC-BLR model. The LC-BLR model results indicated that collision typewas significant in all three sub-class models considered in the analysis, but the effects on crash severity varied. Several variables (e.g., driving license state, time of week, driver age) demonstrated a significant effect in a specific sub-class model, thereby indicating that these factors were only effective in mitigating the crash severity of one sub-class. The findings of this study can facilitate the development of cost-effective policies or countermeasures for reducing the severity of single-vehicle crashes in rural highways.

To analyze the relationship between placental abruption severity and maternal pregnancy outcome and to explore the predictive value of pre-delivery laboratory test results for the severity of placental abruption.

The clinical datas of 126 patients with placental abruption diagnosed and treated in our hospital over the past 4 years were retrospectively analyzed. The severity of placental abruption was divided into degrees I to III. The pre-delivery laboratory results of all patients and data on maternal and fetal delivery outcomes were collected.

The analysis of maternal outcomes showed that the volumes of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage and the rates of utero-placental apoplexy, uterine compression sutures and vascular embolization significantly increased with increasing placental abruption severity. Fetal delivery data revealed that 1- and 5-min Apgar scores decreased significantly with increasing placental abruption severity. Pre-delivery laboratory findings suggest that the white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin activity, prothrombin time - international standardization ratio (INR), D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), and fibrin degradation products (FDP) changed significantly with increasing placental abruption severity.