Hvidmunch0820

For achieving advanced nitrogen removal, a simultaneous endogenous denitratation/anammox (EDA) process was developed that could be undertaken in a sequencing batch reactor. The results indicated that, when the influent COD/TN ratio was 3.16, the advanced nitrogen removal was achieved with the effluent TN of 1.87 mg/L. Nitrogen removal by anammox accounted for 76% of TN removed in the EDA process. Microbial community analysis illuminated that anammox bacteria and denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs) of 0.91% and 5.05% were detected, respectively. DGAOs could provide nitrite for anammox by using the intracellular carbon source to achieve advanced nitrogen removal. Additionally, based on the EDA process, a promising technique for achieving advanced nitrogen removal was proposed to reduce the consumptions of both the oxygen and the carbon sources.Neonatal mortality rate varies between 4.2 and 18.6 per thousand by country in South America. RKI-1447 There is little information regarding the outcomes of very low birth weight infants in the region and mortality rates are extremely variable ranging from 6% to over 50%. This group may represent up to 50-70% of the neonatal mortality and approximately 25-30% of infant mortality. Some initiatives, like the NEOCOSUR Network, have systematically collected and analyzed epidemiological information on VLBW infants' outcomes in the region. Over a 16-year period, survival without major morbidity improved from 37 to 44%. However, mortality has remained almost unchanged at approximately 27%, despite an increase in the implementation of the best available evidence in perinatal practices over time. Implementing quality improvement initiatives in the continent is particularly challenging but represents a great opportunity considering that there is a wide margin for progress in both care and outcomes.

After resecting colonic polyps, retrieval through the scope channel may lead to polyp fragmentation, making pathologic evaluation challenging. An easy and reliable method for complete polyp retrieval is needed.

We developed the water-slider method (WSM), in which the resected polyp is surrounded by water from an auxiliary water channel during suctioning. We prospectively randomized patients who underwent endoscopic resection for colonic polyps in our institute into WSM and non-WSM groups, and evaluated the polyp fragmentation rate.

Analysis of the data regarding small polyps (≤10 mm in size) revealed that the WSM group had a significantly lower polyp fragmentation rate (8.2%) than the non-WSM group (23.8%, p < 0.001). Polyp retrieval time did not differ significantly between groups. The rate of a clear-cut end on neoplastic polyps was significantly higher in the WSM group (63.8%) than in the non-WSM group (50.0%; p = 0.029).

The WSM achieved a significantly lower polyp fragmentation rate, allowing for more accurate histologic evaluation than the conventional method. The WSM did not influence the polyp retrieval time.

The WSM achieved a significantly lower polyp fragmentation rate, allowing for more accurate histologic evaluation than the conventional method. The WSM did not influence the polyp retrieval time.lncRNA cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) is a pivotal modulator in various cancers, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer and esophageal cancer. However, its exact role in gastric cancer (GC) has not been systematically studied. Here, using a combination of molecular and cell biology approaches, we found that CASC9 also acts as a factor promoting the progression of GC. First, mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Second, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to compare the cell growth abilities when CASC9 was knocked down. Third, the proliferative cells were determined by labeling Edu and the regulatory effect of CASC9 on miR-370 was detected by RNA-protein pull-down and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, in vivo mice model was established to verify the role of CASC9 in promoting GC progression. Our results showed that CASC9 was up-regulated significantly in both GC tissues and cell lines. Conversely, CASC9 knockdown inhibited GC growth in vitro. Further analysis indicated that CASC9 directly targeted miR-370 and negatively regulated miR-370 expression in GC. Besides, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-370. Taken together our results support a model in which CASC9 promotes GC progression through miR-370/EGFR/ERK/AKT pathway. Finally, in vivo CASC9 knockdown resulted in impaired GC growth. In sum, this study firstly demonstrates that lncRNA CASC9 acts as an oncogene through altering EGFR expression level via negatively regulating miR-370 expression.

Some HCV patients present low/non-detected C2 hemolytic activity (C2h) without apparent consumption of other Complement components (selective low/non-detected C2h).

Characterization of the immunologic/clinical basis of this phenomenon.

C2h, HCV-viral load, cryoglobulinemia and Complement components were determined in 726 HCV patients, with sequential C2h determination in 189 patients.

C2h was non-detected in 15.9%, low in 16.9% and normal in 67.2% subjects and showed temporal oscillation in 30.7% of patients. Samples with selective non-detected C2h presented lower C3/C4 than those with normal C2h, but still within the normal C3/C4 range. Selective non-detected C2h was associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p<0.001), alanine transferase (ALT) (p = 0.03) and APRI (Aspartate aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index) (p<0.001), lower serum albumin (p = 0.01) and platelet count (p = 0.012), more individuals at pre-treatment stage, with detectable HCV-RNA p<0.001), cryoglobulinemia (p<0.001) and with HCV genotype 3 (p = 0.003). Elevated ALT, HCV genotype 3, active disease and viral load were independent predictors of low/non-detected C2h. In vitro exposure of normal serum to exogenous HCV cryoglobulins caused dose-dependent decrease in C2h.

Selective C2h decrease is a sensitive marker of Complement activation in HCV patients and is associated with cryoglobulinemia, active disease, elevated ALT, higher viral load, and HCV genotype 3.

Selective C2h decrease is a sensitive marker of Complement activation in HCV patients and is associated with cryoglobulinemia, active disease, elevated ALT, higher viral load, and HCV genotype 3.

The diagnosis of mucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS) continues to be a challenge. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is of clinical value in anorectal diseases. This study seeks to investigate the use of EUS in the diagnosis of MPS.

A total of 39 patients diagnosed with MPS between June 2015 to December 2019 were included in this study. Their clinical histories, endoscopic images, EUS images, and pathological data were retrospectively collected, and the EUS images were reviewed to summarize the characteristics of MPS.

In total, 39 MPS patients were enrolled. The main presenting symptoms were bleeding (61.5%) and constipation (53.8%). Gross appearance of the rectal lesions was mainly classified into three types 51.3% of the lesions were polypoidal/nodular, 33.3% were ulcerative and 15.4% were flat with erythematous mucosa only. A total of 10 patients underwent EUS operation. With regard to the EUS appearance of MPS, four patients with polypoidal/nodular lesions showed thickening of the mucosa on EUS. The diffuse thickening of the mucosa-submucosa layer and disappearance of the architectural structure was observed in four patients with ulcerative lesions. Finally, the thickening of the muscularis propria was observed in two flat lesions. The serosal layers were intact in all the MPS patients. Neither blood flow signals nor regional lymph nodes were observed on EUS.

The EUS characteristics for MPS corresponding to different gross appearance can be classified into three types. These findings suggest that EUS is useful in the diagnosis of MPS.

The EUS characteristics for MPS corresponding to different gross appearance can be classified into three types. These findings suggest that EUS is useful in the diagnosis of MPS.Following embryo implantation, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the maternal decidua to a certain extent during early pregnancy, which is critical for normal placentation and successful pregnancy in humans. Although sharing a similar protein structure, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members exert divergent functions in regulating EVT invasion, which contributes to a relative balance of TGF-β superfamily proteins in precisely modulating this process at the maternal-fetal interface during the first trimester of pregnancy. This review details recent advances in our understanding of the functions of TGF-β superfamily members and their corresponding receptors, signaling pathways, and downstream molecular targets in regulating human EVT invasion from studies using various in vitro or ex vivo experimental models. Also, the relevance of these discoveries about TGF-β superfamily members to adverse pregnancy outcomes is summarized. The application of 3D culture trophoblast organoids, single-cell sequencing, and microfluidic assays in EVT invasion studies will help better reveal the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β superfamily members regulate human EVT invasion, shedding light on the development of innovative strategies for predicting, diagnosing, treating, and preventing adverse human pregnancy outcomes related to EVT invasion dysfunction.

The aim of the Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Committee (CTMH) of the French Urology Association was to propose an update of the guidelines for surgical and interventional management of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).

All available data published on PubMed® between 2018 and 2020 were systematically searched and reviewed. All papers assessing surgical and interventional management of adult patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) were included for analysis. After studies critical analysis, conclusions with level of evidence and French guidelines were elaborated in order to answer the predefined clinical questions.

Offer a trans-uretral incision of the prostate to treat patients with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with a prostate volume<30cm

, without a middle lobe. TUIP increases the chances of preserving ejaculation. Propose mono- or bipolar trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to treat patients with moderate to severe LUTS with a prostate volume bett of BPO have occurred and aim at reducing morbidity and improving quality of life of patients.

The shortage of kidney transplants encourages the expansion of the limits of eligibility criteria for donation. Many donors who are brain dead display acute renal failure at the time of death; is this a real contraindication to harvesting? The aim of this study was to assess kidney graft survival from donors after brain death with confirmed acute renal failure, with or without anuria previous donation.

All of the transplants performed in two university hospitals between 2010and 2017were analyzed retrospectively. All patients who underwent single kidney transplant from a brain-dead donor with acute renal failure (ARF) were included in this study. ARI was defined here by a decrease over 50% of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to a threshold below 45mL/min/1.73m

at the time of kidney procurement. Kidney graft survival, incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and the GFR at 12months were analyzed. Analysis of kidney transplant survival based on pre-implantation biopsies was additionally done.

One hundred and sixty four patients were transplanted with a kidney from donor with ARF during the selected period.