Hvidbergstensgaard9134
Green plants can effectively retain atmospheric particle pollution and purify the air. As an important part of the campus ecosystem, they have a significant effect on absorbing atmospheric pollutants and improving the quality of the campus air environment. Six common greening plants were selected as the object in Xiangnan University. The dust retention capacity of plant leaves, leaf micro-structure, and leaf contact angle were measured. The results show that the highest amounts of dust removed by Osmanthus fragrans Lour was 3.451 g/m2, and the least amounts of dust removed by Magnolia denudata Desr. was 1.005 g/m2, and the maximum is 4.148 times of the minimum. The micro-structure of the plant leaf surface affects the amount of dust retention. The plant dust retention capacity with gully of the leaf surface and fluff, stomata, and sawtooth structure is relatively strong; The plant dust retention capacity with smooth, wax layer, leathery, and gully is relatively weak. The leaf contact area of a plant is related to its dust retention ability, that is, when the measured leaf contact angle is 90°, the dust retention capacity is weak.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic cholestatic disease with heterogeneous phenotypes that may lead to liver transplantation and/or end-stage liver disease. Its multifactorial etiopathogenesis remains uncertain, but gut-liver axis and bile composition and excretion are widely demonstrated to influence the immune-mediated fibrogenic reactive cascade.
Different experimental therapeutic options are under investigation, mainly aiming at modulating bile acids excretion, limiting inflammatory-cascade reactions, and changing intestinal microbiota composition; none of them yet demonstrated to prolong transplant-free survival.This review provides a comprehensive description of the experimental drugs recently tested and/or currently under investigation. A bibliographical search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, and clinicaltrial.gov until July 2021.
The heterogeneity and poor prevalence of PSC, its uncertain pathophysiology, and the lack of surrogate endpoints are the major challechanges represent a potential marker for disease monitoring. A collaboration between academia, research consortia, patient's associations, and industry is required.
This paper synthesises critique from Māori patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and their whānau to identify barriers and propose changes to improve the structure and function of the New Zealand mental health system.
A qualitative Kaupapa Māori Research methodology was used. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were completed with Māori patients with BD and members of their whānau. Structural, descriptive and pattern coding was completed using an adapted cultural competence framework to organise and analyse the data.
Three key themes identified the impact of structural features of the New Zealand mental health system on health equity for Māori with BD. Themes involved the accessibility, delivery and scope of the current health system, and described how structural features influenced the quality, utility and availability of BD services for Māori patients and whānau. Structural barriers in the existing design, and potential changes to improve the accessibility, delivery and scope of BD services for Māori, were proposed including a redesign of operational, environmental, staffing, and navigation points (information, transition, fatigue) to better meet the needs of Māori with BD.
A commitment to equity when implementing structural change is needed, including ongoing evaluation and refinement. This paper provides specific recommendations that should be considered in health service redesign to ensure the New Zealand mental health system meets the needs of Māori patients with BD and their whānau.
A commitment to equity when implementing structural change is needed, including ongoing evaluation and refinement. This paper provides specific recommendations that should be considered in health service redesign to ensure the New Zealand mental health system meets the needs of Māori patients with BD and their whānau.
The aim of the study was to analyse the cardiorespiratory response to exercise during an oral contraceptive (OC) cycle in endurance-trained women.
Sixteen low-dose monophasic OC pill (OCP) users performed an interval-running protocol. The protocol consisted of eight 3 min bouts at 85% of participants' maximal aerobic speed (v
o
) with a 90s recovery at 30% v
o
in two OC phases a withdrawal phase (WP) and an active pill phase (APP). The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was applied to analyse differences (
< 0.05) in performance variables between OC cycle phases.
Throughout the high-intensity intervals, higher ventilation (WP 80.90 ± 11.49 L/min, APP 83.10 ± 13.33 L/min;
< 0.001) and relative perceived exertion (WP 14.51 ± 2.58, APP 15.11 ± 3.11;
= 0.001) during the APP were found, whereas carbon dioxide production (WP 2040.92 ± 262.93 mL/min, APP 2010.25 ± 305.68 mL/min;
= 0.003) was higher in the WP. During the active recovery intervals, ventilation (WP 65.78 ± 9.90 L/min, APP 67.88 ± 12.66 L/min;
< 0.001) was higher in the APP, while heart rate (WP 159.93 ± 10.26 bpm, APP 159.74 ± 12.83 bpm;
= 0.029) was higher in the WP.
An increase in ventilation occurs during the APP, which is accompanied by higher perceived exertion. Therefore, coaches and athletes should be aware of these variations, especially perceived exertion, in regard to women's training programmes, in order to improve their performance, wellness and adherence to physical activity.
An increase in ventilation occurs during the APP, which is accompanied by higher perceived exertion. Therefore, coaches and athletes should be aware of these variations, especially perceived exertion, in regard to women's training programmes, in order to improve their performance, wellness and adherence to physical activity.To prepare a topical formulation of bimatoprost (BIM) with high skin permeability, we designed a solvent mixture system composed of ethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclomethicone, and butylated hydroxyanisole, serving as a volatile solvent, nonvolatile co-solvent, spreading agent, and antioxidant, respectively. The ideal topical BIM formulation (BIM-TF#5) exhibited 4.60-fold higher human skin flux and a 529% increase in dermal drug deposition compared to BIM in ethanol. In addition, compared to the other formulations, BIM-TF#5 maximally activated human dermal papilla cell proliferation at a concentration of 5 μM BIM, equivalent to 10 μM minoxidil. Moreover, BIM-TF#5 (0.3% [w/w] BIM) significantly promoted hair regrowth in the androgenic alopecia mouse model and increased the area covered by hair at 10 days by 585% compared to the vehicle-treated mice, indicating that entire telogen area transitioned into the anagen phase. Furthermore, at day 14, the hair weight of mice treated with BIM-TF#5 (5% [w/w] BIM) was 8.45- and 1.30-fold greater than in the 5% (w/w) BIM in ethanol and 5% (w/v) minoxidil treated groups, respectively. In the histological examination, the number and diameter of hair follicles in the deep subcutis were significantly increased in the BIM-TF#5 (0.3 or 5% [w/w] BIM)-treated mice compared to the mice treated with vehicle or 5% (w/w) BIM in ethanol. Thus, our findings suggest that BIM-TF#5 is an effective formulation to treat scalp alopecia, as part of a novel therapeutic approach involving direct prostamide F2α receptor-mediated stimulation of dermal papilla cells within hair follicles.
To study trends regarding the use of contraceptive methods and digital health modalities and to identify target groups of natural family planning (NFP).
Using an online questionnaire specifically developed for this study in German (utilizing the online tool at 'www.surveymonkey.com'), we analysed the attitude towards NFP -methods and -apps, the need for contraceptive effectiveness in general, the perceived contraceptive effectiveness of NFP methods, and differences between NFP users and non-NFP users among 779 sexually active German-speaking women of fertile age (18-50 years) from November 2019 to October 2020.
Participants used NFP more frequently than they did five years ago. Women aged 30 years and older, with higher levels of education, who are living with a partner and have children, seem to be the target group for NFP methods. Concerning the wish for contraceptive effectiveness we found significant (
< .001) differences between NFP and non-NFP users. Furthermore, an increasing number of women wants to use NFP-methods and -apps for contraception; thus, non-hormonal contraceptive options should be offered. The majority of current NFP users stated that the handling and effectiveness of NFP have been improved by digitalisation.
Participants used NFP more frequently than they did five years ago. Women aged 30 years and older, with higher levels of education, who are living with a partner and have children, seem to be the target group for NFP methods. Concerning the wish for contraceptive effectiveness we found significant (p less then .001) differences between NFP and non-NFP users. Furthermore, an increasing number of women wants to use NFP-methods and -apps for contraception; thus, non-hormonal contraceptive options should be offered. The majority of current NFP users stated that the handling and effectiveness of NFP have been improved by digitalisation.
The irreversible destruction of neurons, progressive loss of memory and cognitive behavior, high cost of therapy, and impact on society, desire a better, effective, and affordable treatment of AD. this website The nose-to-brain delivery approach holds great potential to access the brain without any hindrance of BBB and results in higher bioavailability and thus better therapeutic efficacy of anti-AD drugs.
The present review article highlights the current facts and worldwide statistics of AD and its detailed etiology. This is followed by barriers to brain delivery, nose-to-brain delivery, their limitations, and amalgamation with various novel carrier systems. We have emphasized recent advancements in nose-to-brain delivery using mucoadhesive, stimuli-responsive carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, and protein/peptide delivery for treatment of AD.
The available therapies are symptomatic and mitigate the symptoms of AD at the initial stages. In lieu of this, nose-to-brain delivery has the ability to overcome these limitations and increase drug bioavailability in the brain. Various novel strategies including stimuli-responsive systems, nanoparticles, etc. enhance the nasal permeation, protect the drug, and enhance its therapeutic potency. However, successful preclinical data do not assure the clinical success of the therapy, and hence exhaustive clinical investigations are needed to make the therapy available for patients.
The available therapies are symptomatic and mitigate the symptoms of AD at the initial stages. In lieu of this, nose-to-brain delivery has the ability to overcome these limitations and increase drug bioavailability in the brain. Various novel strategies including stimuli-responsive systems, nanoparticles, etc. enhance the nasal permeation, protect the drug, and enhance its therapeutic potency. However, successful preclinical data do not assure the clinical success of the therapy, and hence exhaustive clinical investigations are needed to make the therapy available for patients.
