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Results showed the classification accuracy above 80% for each year with kappa coefficient of 0. 7 and above. However more research and additional ground reference data are needed to classify a range of crops in the study area which will give a more detailed view of the land use land cover change strengthening agriculture decisions practices in the future.A zwitterionic viologen derivative ligand, 1,1'-bis(4-carboxybenzyl)-4 4'-bipyridinium dichloride (H2BpybcCl2) as a multifunctional ligand, has been synthesized incorporating a 4,4'-bipyridine core with two carboxylate groups as a. building block, specifically designed for the rational construction of metal-organic frameworks. H2BpybcCl2 ligand is a multifunctional ligand that contains viologen's specific functions and carboxylate coordination groups. this website The coordination polymers of viologen carboxylate with copper thiocyanate are not reported to date. A novel copper coordination polymer, [Cu(SCN)2 (Bpybc)] (I) was by solution diffusion method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, XRD, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis DRS, TG analysis and liquid-state luminescent properties. Compound I crystallized in the monoclinic system with C2/c space group. Crystal data for complex I is as follow a=19. 508(4) A, b=9. 474(2) Å, c =16. 963(3) Å, α=90°, β=124. 92(3)°, γ=90°. Two SCN-anions were coordinated to the Cu2+ cation forming a [Cu(SCN)2] unit. Complex I was built up by [Cu(SCN)2] units bridged sequentially by ladder-shaped Bpybc ligands to form one-dimensional zigzag chains running along the [203] direction. The chains were held together by π-π interaction between the pyridine rings and phenyl rings, thus yielding a 3-D extended supramolecular network. The UV-Visible absorption spectra show the absorption bands of π-π* transitions of Bpybc ligands and d-->d transition of Cu2+. The liquid-state luminescent property of compound I was investigated at room temperature. Attractively, the complex exhibits strong blue emission peak at 533 nm (λEx=360 nn) that can be assigned to intraligand transition of Bpybc ligand when it was excited at 360 nm.Trypsin was treated by high pressure technology, and its spatial structure was changed, the relationship between structural changes and trypsin activity was investigated. The secondary structure change of trypsin after pressure treatment was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). Moreover its tertiary structure change was observed by fluorescence spectroscopy; and its activity was tested using Folin phenol method. The results showed that, compared with the untreated(0.1 MPa), trypsin activity change was significant(p less then 0. 05) under different pressure(100~600 MPa) treatment at 37 °C for 20 min. After treated with 300 MPa, its activity was 0. 386 times higher than the untreated. Secondary structure of trypsin was analysed using FTIR, and the peak area ratio of α-helix and β-tum in secondary structure was the maximum(2. 749); Endogenous fluorescence spectra intensity was the maximum (1 353) at excitation wavelength 295 nm, and was 4 262 at excitation wavelength 280 nm; exogenous fluorescent spectra intensity was 2 022 at excitation wavelength 228 nm, all these change was remarkable(p less then 0. 05) comparing with the untreated. Therefore, ultrahigh pressure processing influence on the spatial structure of trypsin and induce enzyme activity.change. Trypsin activity is relate to the peak area ratio of α-helix and β-turn and the exposure degree of Trp and other hydrophobic a mino acid residues and Tyr.Chaenomeles speciosa fruits were extracted using water. The extracts were precipitated with 20%~95% (φ) ethanol, respectively. The amount of total polysaccharide was measured with phenol-sulfuric acid method. A method using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) equipped with multiangle laser-light-scattering photometry (MALLS) and differential refractometry (RI) was presented for determining the molecular weight and molecular weigh distribution. RAW264.7 macrophage were cultured and stimulated with the polysaccharides in vitro and the production of nitric oxide in the cells was determined by the Griess assay. The aim of the study is to determine the amount and the molecular weight of the polysaccharides from Chaenomeles speciosa fruits, and preliminary investigate the immunomodulatory activity, The study provided the basis datas for the further research of Chaenomeles speciosa fruits. , and provided a simple and system method for the research of natural polysaccharide. The ethanol fractional precipitation showed that the order of total polysaccharide content was 95%>80%>40% ≥60%>20%. The results indicated that most polysaccharide from Chaenomeles speciosa fruits might be precipitated when ethanol concentration was up to 95% (T) and the crude polysaccharide purity had risen from 35. 1% to 45. 0% when the concentration of ethanol increased from 20% to 95%. HPSEC-MALLS-RI system showed that all the polysaccharide samples had the similar compositions. They appeared three chromatographic peaks and the retention time were not apparently different. The Mw were 6. 570 X 10(4) g . mol-1 and 1. 393 X 10(4) g . mol-1 respectively, and one less than 10 000 which was failure to obtain accurate values. The molecular weight of the first two polysaccharide distribution index(Mw/Mn)were 1. 336 and 1. 639 respectively. The polysaccharide samples had not exhibited immunomodulatory activity assessed on the basis of nitric oxide production by RAW264. 7 macrophage cells in the experiment.The present paper proposes a new building change detection method combining Lidar point cloud with aerial image, using multi-level rules classification algorithm, to solve building change detection problem between these two kinds of heterogeneous data. Then, a morphological post-processing method combined with area threshold is proposed. Thus, a complete building change detection processing flow that can be applied to actual production is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the building change detection method is evaluated, processing the 2010 airborne LiDAR point cloud data and 2009 high resolution aerial image of Changchun City, Jilin province, China; in addition, compared with the object-oriented building change detection method based on support vector machine (SVM) classification, more analysis and evaluation of the suggested method is given. Experiment results show that the performance of the proposed building change detection method is ideal. Its Kappa index is 0. 90, and correctness is 0. 87, which is higher than the object-oriented building change detection method based on SVM classification.For realizing the real-time monitoring of organic thin film preparation process in vacuum environment, the present paper proposes a high precision measurement approach based on differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). An optical system was constructed with off the shelf optical components, such as off-axis parabolic mirror, optical flat and optical fiber. A differential algorithm was employed to analyze the spectral signals. Based on the homebuilt setup, instability induced by variation of temperature was investigated. It was concluded that with the good control of temperature and air flow, the measurement repeatability of this system is better than 2 per thousand for a long-term period. Furthermore, an initial stage of organic thin film growth of pentacene molecules on the surface of Au was studied. As compared with the data of film thickness gauge and atomic force microscope, DR spectra accurately recorded the fine optical evolution with sub-monolayer resolution, which is related to the growth of the thin film. As a result, the DR optical system exhibits characteristics of broad spectrum (range from 300 to 820 nm), high stability (repeatability better than 2X 10(-3)), and high precision (sub-monolayer resolution) after efforts were done to decrease the influences on the spectral quality produced by misalignments of the optical components, the defects of the optics, and the disturbances of the environmental conditions. It is indicated that the proposed DR method is suitable for real-time online monitoring of thin film growth with high precision.To optimize color rendering of mixed-color LEDs, the Gaussian model was used to analyze the color-mixed LED's spectrum power distribution. The peak wavelength "λm", spectral half width "Δλ" and amplitude "A" were basic parameters for optimizing color rendering R9, which is very important for objects to be colorful and vivid under the white light LED's'illuminating. The typical methods for color mixing were used to get white light LEDs. Result was that to get the satisfied color rendering index, one of the color primaries should be certain and then other color primaries would be analyzed through changing three basic parameters step by step. It was concluded that the analysis in this paper would be referential to optimize the color-mixed white LED's color rendering.Gasoline, kerosene, diesel is processed by crude oil with different distillation range. The boiling range of gasoline is 35 ~205 °C. The boiling range of kerosene is 140~250 °C. And the boiling range of diesel is 180~370 °C. At the same time, the carbon chain length of differentmineral oil is different. The carbon chain-length of gasoline is within the scope of C7 to C11. The carbon chain length of kerosene is within the scope of C12 to C15. And the carbon chain length of diesel is within the scope of C15 to C18. The recognition and quantitative measurement of three kinds of mineral oil is based on different fluorescence spectrum formed in their different carbon number distribution characteristics. Mineral oil pollution occurs frequently, so monitoring mineral oil content in the ocean is very important. A new method of components content determination of spectra overlapping mineral oil mixture is proposed, with calculation of characteristic peak power integrationof three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum by utermine components content of mineral oil mixture of gasoline, kerosene and diesel by optimal algorithm. Compared with single point measurement of peak method and mean method, measurement sensitivity is improved about 50 times. The implementation of high precision measurement of mixture components content of gasoline, kerosene and diesel provides a practical algorithm for components content direct determination of spectra overlapping mixture without chemical separation.B is a necessary trace element for human and animals, but the excess intake of B caused poison. Thus, it is very important to determination of B in foods and water. The target of this study is development of a new, sensitive and selective resonance Rayleigh scattering energy transfer (RRS-ET) for the determination of B. The combination of energy transfer with resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) has developed a new technology called RRS-ET, which can realize selective and sensitive detection of boric acid. The gold nanorods in diameter of 12 nm and length of 37 nm were prepared by the seed growth procedure. In pH 5. 6 NH4 Ac-HAc buffer solution and in the presence of azomethine-H (AMH), the gold nanorod particles exhibited a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 404 nm. In the presence of boric acid, it reacts with AMH to form AMH-boric acid (AMH-B) complexes. When the complexe as a receptor close to the gold nanorod as a donor, the resonance Rayleigh scattering energy transfer (RRS-ET) take placed that resulted in the Rayleigh scattering signal quenching.