Hustedingram4762

Bone formation and repair represent a clinical challenge. In this work, we designed and synthesized strontium Astragalus polysaccharide (APS-Sr), a novel polysaccharide compound that should have therapeutic effects on both anti-inflammation and promoting bone formation. Using material characterization techniques, including SEM, FITR, XRD, etc., we verified the successful synthesis of this compound. Moreover, we examined the potential of this compound for promoting bone repair and inhibiting inflammatory response by cell proliferation assay, ALP and Alizarin Red staining experiments and RT-qPCR. The biological experiment results showed that APS-Sr can effectively inhibit inflammatory factors, promote osteogenic differentiation and up-regulate the bone growth factors. It is therefore believed that APS-Sr should be a promising polysaccharide compound in bone-related biomedical applications.The effect of multi-frequency ultrasonic extraction (MUE) on the yields, physicochemical properties, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of polysaccharides (GPs) from different parts of ginseng were compared. Results demonstrated that yields of polysaccharides from different parts were found to vary significantly differences, in the order of roots (M-GRPs) > flowers (M-GFPs) > leaves (M-GLPs). Compared with heat reflux extraction, MUE not only increased the yield of GPs by up to 9.14%-210.87%, with higher uronic acid content (UAC increased by 4.99%-53.48%), total phenolics content (TPC increased by 7.60% to 42.61%), total flavonoids content (TFC increased by 2.52%-5.45%), and lower molecular weight (Mw reduced by 6.51%- 33.08%) and protein content (PC reduced by 5.15%-8.95%), but also improved their functional properties and bioactivities. All six purified polysaccharides extracted by MUE were acidic pyran polysaccharide with different monosaccharide composition, possessed remarkable antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Especially, M-GFP-1 exhibited the highest bioactivities, illustrated that the activities were highly correlated with UAC and TPC, Mw, and triple helical structure. These results indicate that MUE was an efficient technique for improving yields, physicochemical and functional properties and enhancing biological activities of polysaccharide.Biopolymer-based composite hydrogels have attracted tremendous attention for tissue regeneration and antitumor applications. Since sodium alginate is a biopolymer, they offer excellent therapeutic options with long-term drug release and low side effects. To prepare multifunctional composite hydrogels with anticancer and tissue regeneration capabilities, sodium alginate (SA) and graphene oxide (GO) were covalently linked and crosslinked with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) by the solvothermal method. The structural and morphological results show that the hydrogels exhibit the desired functionality and porosity. The swelling of hydrogels in an aqueous and PBS medium was investigated. SGT-4 had the highest swelling in both aqueous and PBS media. Swelling and biodegradation of the hydrogel were inversely related. The drug release of SGT-4 was determined in different pH media (pH 6.4, 7.4, and 8.4) and the kinetics of drug release was determined according to the Higuchi model (R2 = 0.93587). Antibacterial activities were evaluated against severe infectious agents. Uppsala (U87) and osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines were used to determine the anticancer and biocompatibility of the composite hydrogels, respectively. These results suggest that the composite hydrogels could be used as potential biomaterials for tissue regeneration and antitumor applications.Conventional approaches to study ligand-receptor interactions using solution-state NMR often involve laborious sample preparation, isotopic labeling, and receptor reconstitution. Each of these steps remains challenging for membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we introduce a combinational approach integrating NMR and homogenized membrane nano-discs preparation to characterize the ligand-GPCR interactions. The approach will have a great potential for drug screening as it benefits from minimal receptor preparation, minimizing non-specific binding. In addition, the approach maintains receptor structural heterogeneity essential for functional diversity, making it feasible for probing a more reliable ligand-GPCR interaction that is vital for faithful ligand discovery.The objectives of this study were (1) to prepare Armillariella tabescens mycelia polysaccharides (PAT) with remarkably growth inhibitory effect on typical food-borne pathogenic bacteria using a green and efficient polyamide method and (2) to explore the antibacterial mechanism of PAT for use as a natural antibacterial agent. The sugar and uronic acid contents of PAT were 93.41% and 12.24%, respectively. PAT could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus cells, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. Ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed cell wall and membrane rupture of E. coli treated with PAT. Further, 0.5-4.0 mg/mL PAT was found to significantly (P less then 0.01) and concentration-dependently increase the conductivity of the broth, exudation of the intracellular protein, and alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase activities. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed morphological changes in E. coli DNA after PAT treatment and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation; flow cytometry revealed E. coli cell apoptosis. ERK inhibitor Our findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of PAT as a natural antibacterial product.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating different concentrations (0, 200, 300, and 400 mg L-1) of avocado peel extracts (EE-AP) on the physicochemical properties and antifungal activity of gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose (Gel-CMC) films and their applicability in berry preservation. The results showed that incorporating EE-AP was compatible with the Gel-CMC film and enhanced the mechanical properties without affecting the integrity and thermal properties. The 200 mg L-1 of EE-AP concentration on films offered the best barrier properties against water vapor (2.90 × 10-11 g m-1 s-1 Pa-1). FTIR identified the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions between the functional groups of biopolymers and the EE-AP. The results obtained revealed that EE-AP incorporation into gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose films significantly decreased the moisture content (from 12.48 to 11.02%) and solubility (from 40.13 to 35.39%) of the films. All films incorporated with EE-AP showed higher colorimetric parameters and opacity than the control film (p less then 0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the Gel-CMC films was increased from 24.16 to 41.12, 57.21, and 63.47%, as the extract concentration increased. Active films presented excellent ultraviolet-visible light barrier properties. The antioxidant pigments (flavonoids and chlorophylls) were estimated spectrophotometrically through absorbance. In vitro tests indicated high effectiveness to inhibit the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger. A preservation study indicated the absence of fungal development in berries over six days of storage. In conclusion, gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose films with EE-AP represent a potential option for active packaging and can preserve fresh fruit.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a high incidence. Recent studies have demonstrated that diet can contribute to the development and progression of RA. Indeed, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) were known to be related to the improvement of RA. In this study, the collagen-induced rats were administrated with Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) at 200 mg/kg (L), 400 mg/kg (M), or 800 mg/kg (H). Results showed that ASP could reduce joint swelling and significantly inhibit anti-CII-antibodies and pro-inflammatory factors in RA, H group showed the best treatment among them. Further analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing suggested that ASP could shape the gut microbiota composition. Several key bacteria, including norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, Lactobacillus, norank_f__Oscillospiraceae, and norank_f__Desulfovibrionaceae, were found to be related to the development of RA. The colonic transcriptome showed that ASP could restore RA-induced intestinal dysfunction, such as tight junction disarrangement, by upregulating Cldn5. The balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts might be modified by regulating the expression of Slit3 and Rgs18 to alleviate RA, which may be correlated with gut microbiota. Our results suggested that ASP improved RA by regulating gut microbiota and gene expression, revealing a positive relationship between dietary patterns and RA.Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 2 receptor (CRF-R2) is present in climbing fiber (CF) afferents, which involves in modulating the CF-Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic transmission in cerebellar cortex. However, the role of CRF-R2 in regulating CF-PC synaptic transmission is unclear. We here investigate the role of CRF-R2 in modulating PC complex spikes (CSs) activity and CF-PC synaptic transmission using electrophysiological recording techniques and pharmacological methods. Cerebellar surface application of a selective CRF-R2 agonist, urocortin III (UCN III; 300 nM) induced an enhancement of CSs activity, which expressed an increase in number of CSs spikelets and pause of simple spike firing of cerebellar PCs in urethane anesthetized mice. The CSs activity was also enhanced by CRF (300 nM) in the presence of CRF-R1 antagonist, which was abolished by CRF-R2 antagonist. Under in vitro conditions, bath application of UCN III increased CF-PC synaptic transmission, which exhibited a time-dependent increase in amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), accompanied by a decrease in paired-pulse ratio (PPR). In addition, bath application of CRF (100 nM) induced an increase in amplitude of EPSCs and a decrease in PPR in the absence of CRF-R1 activity. UCN-induced enhancement of CF-PC synaptic transmission was abolished by bath application of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT5720 (100 nM), but it was not prevented by inhibiting intracellular PKA with PKI (5 μM). These results indicate that activation of CRF-R2 augments CF-PC synaptic transmission through a presynaptic PKA signaling pathway in the mouse cerebellar cortex.Ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is greater in late adolescence or young adulthood than in early adolescence. The role of the sigma receptor system in this age-related difference has not been extensively explored, particularly in female rats. This study assessed the effects of the activation of sigma-1 receptors (S1-R), via the selective S1-R agonist PRE-084, on ethanol-induced CTA at early or at terminal adolescence/emerging adulthood (28 or 56 days-old at the beginning of the procedures, respectively) in female Wistar rats. The modulation of binge-like ethanol intake by PRE-084 was assessed at terminal adolescence. S1-R activation at the acquisition of ethanol-induced CTA attenuated such learning at terminal but not at early adolescence. PRE-084 did not significantly affect ethanol binge drinking in the terminal adolescents. These results highlight the role of S1-R in ethanol-induced CTA and suggest that differential functionality of this transmitter system may underlie age-specific sensitivities to the aversive effects of ethanol.