Hussainmyrick1397

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The presence of moderate to severe enamel cracks may alert the clinician to the need to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea. Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different electrical brushing systems on the surface roughness and wear profile of the enamel of sound primary teeth and teeth with induced white spot lesions. METHODS 45 specimens were obtained from sound primary incisors, and the buccal surface was divided into four parts sound enamel; enamel with white spot lesions; sound enamel with brushing; and enamel with white spot lesions and brushing. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n =15), according to the different brushing systems Group 1 - Electric rotating toothbrush (Kid's Power Toothbrush - Oral B); Group 2 - Sonic electric toothbrush (Baby Sonic Toothbrush); and Group 3 - Manual toothbrush (Curaprox infantil) (control). The specimens were analyzed for surface roughness and wear profile. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tests, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Regarding the surface roughness, no significant difference was observed between the groups. However, with respect to the wear profile, Group 1 caused significantly higher wear in the sound tooth enamel and in the presence of white spot lesions, in comparison to the other brushing systems (2 and 3) (P less then 0.05), which did not cause wear. Manual and electric brushing (rotational and sonic) did not increase surface roughness in primary tooth enamel. However, the electric rotational brushing caused significant wear of the sound and demineralized enamel surface of primary teeth. TAK-242 manufacturer CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE None of the toothbrushing systems tested caused significant alterations on sound dental enamel. However, rotational toothbrushing on enamel of primary teeth with white spot lesion increased wear. Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.PURPOSE To review and assess the literature on in vitro studies evaluating tooth bleaching efficacy considering the use of a negative control, type of tooth substrate, storage medium, color evaluation methods, and evaluation time points. METHODS The following databases were searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science. Search used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in PubMed in addition to free text. The following limits were applied English, articles published between January 1989 and October 2017. Additional free text key terms included in vitro, tooth bleaching, placebo, negative control, overall CIELAB color change (ΔE*ab), change in shade guide units (ΔSGU), tooth color stabilization, evaluation time points, bovine teeth, and staining. Search was repeated in Web of Science but no additional articles were identified. A total of 11 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis of nine included studies that reported ΔE*ab values, revealed that the NC statistically exceeded the perceptibility threshold (PT) of 1.2 (P less then 0.05). The estimate was 2.872 with lower and upper bounds of 1.955 and 3.790, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Randomized controlled trials are gold standards to evaluate bleaching efficacy of different materials. However, in vitro studies offer a way to screen for potential bleaching efficacy. It is vital to determine an appropriate cut-off value for determining bleaching efficacy in vitro and further apply for clinical relevance. Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.PURPOSE To evaluate the in vitro effects of commercially available charcoal dentifrices on Streptococcus mutans biofilm development and their ability to prevent enamel demineralization. METHODS Streptococcus mutans biofilm was formed on polished bovine enamel specimens (n= 9 per treatment), and treated twice-daily for 120 seconds over the course of 5 days with charcoal dentifrice containing fluoride (1,000 ppm F) (CF+), fluoride-free charcoal dentifrice (CF-), regular fluoride (1,100 ppm F) dentifrice (F+ ), or regular fluoride-free dentifrice (F-). Chlorhexidine (CHX, 0.12%) and deionized water (DIW) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed for bacterial viability (colony-forming units, CFU). The pH of the medium was measured daily. Enamel specimens were analyzed using Vickers microhardness ( HV) and transversal microradiography (TMR). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc tests (α= 0.05). RESULTS F+ showed higher pH values than CF+ and CF-, and CF- presented higher pH than CF+, showing that CF+ did not have inhibitory effects on the acidogenicity of cariogenic biofilms. CFU was significantly decreased when specimens were treated with CF+, CF- and F+, compared to specimens treated with DIW (P≤ 0.035) or F- (P≤ 0.001), respectively. However, the reduction observed was minimal (approximately 1 log). CF+ and CF- were less effective than F+ in preventing enamel demineralization as determined using HV (P= 0.041 and P= 0.003, respectively) and TMR ( P≤ 0.001). Both charcoal dentifrices (CF+, CF-) did not show relevant inhibition of S. mutans biofilm growth. Additionally, neither product prevented enamel demineralization compared to a regular fluoride-containing dentifrice. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The tested charcoal dentifrices did not exhibit anticaries potential. Copyright©American Journal of Dentistry.PURPOSE To compare the effects of oscillating-rotating (O-R), sonic (side-to-side), and manual toothbrushes on plaque and gingival health after multiple uses in studies up to 3 months. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) up to 3 months in duration to evaluate O-R electric toothbrush effectiveness regarding gingivitis reduction and plaque removal versus sonic and/or manual toothbrushes. To ensure access to subject-level data, this meta-analysis was limited to RCTs involving O-R toothbrushes from a single manufacturer conducted from 2007 to 2017 for which subject-level data were available and that satisfied criteria of duration, parallel design, examiner-graded, etc. For gingivitis studies, a one-step individual subject meta-analysis was used to assess direct and indirect treatment differences and to identify any subject-level covariates modifying treatment effects. In the two-step meta-analysis, individual participant data were first analyzed in each study independently using the last timepoint (up to 3 months), producing aggregate data for each study.