Hurleymckinney1350

Guidelines regarding the maximum angle allowed between FP mirrors whilst maintaining the sensitivity and peak transmissivity of a parallel mirror FP etalon are provided as a function of mirror reflectivity, cavity thickness and Gaussian beam waist. This information, and the model, could be useful for guiding the design of FP etalons suffering a known degree of non-parallelism, for example, to optimize the sensitivity of polymer based FP ultrasound sensors.Plasmonic internal photoemission detectors (PIPED) have recently been shown to combine compact footprint and high bandwidth with monolithic co-integration into silicon photonic circuits, thereby opening an attractive route towards optoelectronic generation and detection of waveforms in the sub-THz and THz frequency range, so-called T-waves. In this paper, we further expand the PIPED concept by introducing a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) interface with an additional gate electrode that allows to control the carrier dynamics in the device and the degree of internal photoemission at the metal-semiconductor interfaces. We experimentally study the behavior of dedicated field-effect (FE-)PIPED test structures and develop a physical understanding of the underlying principles. We find that the THz down-conversion efficiency of FE-PIPED can be significantly increased when applying a gate potential. Building upon the improved understanding of the device physics, we further perform simulations and show that the gate field increases the carrier density in the conductive channel below the gate oxide to the extent that the device dynamics are determined by ultra-fast dielectric relaxation rather than by the carrier transit time. In this regime, the bandwidth can be increased to more than 1 THz. We believe that our experiments open a new path towards understanding the principles of internal photoemission in plasmonic structures, leading to PIPED-based optoelectronic signal processing systems with unprecedented bandwidth and efficiency.A kind of one-dimensional (1D) complete-connected network (CCN) is designed and its extraordinary optical property for producing an ultrawide photonic band gap (PBG) is investigated. The gap-midgap ratio formulaes of the largest PBGs created by CCNs are analytically derived, and the results indicate that with the increment of the node number in a unit cell, the number of the loops that can produce antiresonances increases fleetly, and consequently the gap-midgap ratio of the PBG produced by CCNs enlarges rapidly and tends rapidly to the limit at 200%. Moreover, the general transmission formula for 1D CCNs is analytically determined. Due to the periodicity, two types of transmission resonance peaks are generated, and the condition is analytically obtained from the transmission formula. This kind of CCN may have wide applications to design superwide band optical filters, optical devices with large PBGs and strong photonic attenuations, and other related optical communication and optical increment processing devices.Laser-driven spacecrafts are promising candidates for explorations to outer space. These spacecrafts should accelerate to a fraction of the speed of light upon illumination with earth-based laser systems. There are several challenges for such an ambitious mission that needs to be addressed yet. A matter of utmost importance is the stability of the spacecraft during the acceleration. Furthermore, the spacecraft sails should effectively reflect the light without absorptive-overheating. To address these requirements, we propose the design of a lightweight, low-absorbing, high-reflective, and self-stabilizing curved metasurface made from c-Si nanoparticles. A method to determine the stability is presented and, based on the multipole expansion method, the rotational stability of the curved metasurfaces is examined and the optimal operating regime is identified. The curvature is shown to be beneficial for the overall stability of the metasurface. The validity of the method is verified through numerical simulations of the time evolution of the trajectory of an identified metasurface. The results show that curved metasurfaces are a promising candidate for laser-driven spacecrafts.Based on the phase-transition property of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a terahertz bifunctional absorber is proposed with switchable functionalities of broadband absorption and multiband absorption. When VO2 is metal, the system is regarded as a broadband absorber, which is composed of VO2 patch, topas spacer, and VO2 film with metallic disks inserted. The system obtains a broadband absorption with absorptance >90% from 3.25 THz to 7.08 THz. Moreover, the designed broadband absorber has a stable performance within the incident angle range of 50°. When VO2 is dielectric, multiband absorption with six peaks is realized in the designed system. Graphene and the metallic disk-shaped array play the dominant role in the mechanism of multiband absorption. Through changing the Fermi energy level of graphene, the performance of multiband absorption can be dynamically adjusted. Because of the switchable functionalities, the proposed design may have potential application in the fields of intelligent absorption and terahertz switch.Random Raman fiber lasers (RRFLs) with half-opened cavity have been used as a new platform for designing high performance, wavelength-agile laser sources in the infrared region due to their intrinsic modeless property and structural simplicity. To provide the point feedbacks for cascaded random Raman lasing at different wavelengths, wavelength-insensitive broadband reflectors are commonly used in cascaded RRFLs, resulting in the rather broad high-order random Raman lasing with several nanometers of typical spectral width. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a tunable narrowband cascaded RRFL with an air-spaced etalon assisted point reflector. To realize narrowband, single- or dual-wavelength emission for each order of random lasing, the etalon is specially designed to have broad operation wavelength range, narrowband transmission lines and large free spectral range (FSR) associated with the Raman frequency shift. As a result, 1st- to 3rd-order random Raman lasing with single-wavelength emission in 1.1-1.27 μm region are generated in a 15 km single mode fiber (SMF) with -3 dB bandwidths below 0.4 nm, which are approximately four times less than those of cascaded RRFL without etalon. The maximum output power of the 3rd-order random Raman lasing is 615 mW, with 10% of optical conversion efficiency. Moreover, a tunable cascaded RRFL is performed by tuning the wavelength of pump laser or tilting the etalon. Dual-wavelength emission for each order of random lasing can also be realized at specific pump wavelengths. We also verified, by employing shorter fiber (10 km), more than 1.5 W output power of high-order RRFL can be achieved with -3 dB bandwidths less than 0.6 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of tunable sub-1 nm narrowband cascaded RRFL with single- or dual-wavelength emission for each order of random lasing.A distributed refractive index (RI) sensor based on high-performance optical frequency domain reflectometry was developed by bending a piece of standard single-mode fiber to excite sets of higher-order modes that penetrate the surrounding medium. External variations in RI modifies the profiles of the sets of excited higher-order modes, which are then partially coupled back into the fiber core and interfere with the fundamental mode. Accordingly, the fundamental mode carries the outer varied RI information, and RI sensing can be achieved by monitoring the wavelength shift of the local Rayleigh backscattered spectra. In the experiment, an RI sensitivity of 39.08 nm/RIU was achieved by bending a single-mode fiber to a radius of 4 mm. Additionally, the proposed sensor maintains its buffer coating intact, which boosts its practicability and application adaptability.Frequency doubling of random fiber lasers could provide an effective way to realize visible random lasing with the spectrum filled with random frequencies. In this paper, we make a comprehensive study on the efficiency and spectral manipulation of a green random laser generated by frequency doubling of an ytterbium-doped random fiber laser (YRFL). To tailor the efficiency of green random lasing generation, the ytterbium-doped random fiber lasing is filtered at different spectral positions, and then amplified to watt-level to serve as the fundamental laser source for frequency doubling in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. We found that by selecting different spectral components of ytterbium-doped random fiber lasing, the temporal intensity fluctuations of the filtered radiations vary dramatically, which plays an important role in enhancing the efficiency of frequency doubling. By fixing the filtering radiation wavelength at 1064.5 nm and tuning the central wavelength of YRFL, we experimentally demonstrate that, compared to the filtered radiation in the center of the spectrum, the efficiency of frequency doubling can be nearly doubled by utilizing the filtered ytterbium-doped random fiber lasing in the wings of the spectrum. As a result, the conversion efficiency of the generated green random laser at 532.25 nm can be more than 11% when the input power of the polarized 1064.5 nm fundamental light is 2.85W. For spectral manipulation, we realize a spectral tunable green random laser in the range of 529.9 nm to 537.3 nm with >100 mW output power for the first time by tuning the wavelength of YRFL and the temperature of PPLN simultaneously. The system can be naturally modified to simultaneously realize the efficiency enhancement and wavelength tuning, thus providing a new route to generate high efficiency and tunable visible random laser via frequency doubling that are potentially useful for imaging, sensing and visible light communication applications.We present a novel method for modal decomposition of a composite beam guided by a large-mode-area fiber by means of direct far-field pattern measurements with a multi-variable optimization algorithm. For reconstructing far-field patterns, we use finite-number bases of Hermite Gaussian modes that can be converted from all the guided modes in the given fiber and exploit a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD)-based multi-variable optimization algorithm equipped with the D4σ technique in order for completing the modal decomposition with compensating the centroid mismatch between the measured and reconstructed beams. We measure the beam intensity profiles at two different distances, which justifies the uniqueness of the solution obtained by the SPGD algorithm. We verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method both numerically and experimentally. We have found that the fractional error tolerance in terms of the beam intensity overlap could be maintained below 1 × 10-7 and 3.5 × 10-3 in the numerical and experimental demonstrations, respectively. selleck chemical As the modal decomposition is made uniquely and reliably, such a level of the error tolerance could be maintained even for a beam intensity profile measured at a farther distance.