Hunterhartman9711

Despite compelling evidence that fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption can reduce the risk of obesity and chronic disease, most children fail to meet the daily recommendations for dietary consumption. Theoretical models and empirical findings suggest that parents play a key role in guiding children's overall dietary behaviors. To extend previous findings, the current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) on smartphones to assess the within-subject and between-subject effects of maternal support (i.e., encouragement, preparation) of F/V on their child's F/V consumption. Mother-child dyads (n = 191) completed six semi-annual 7-day waves of EMA surveys. EMA assessed mothers' past 2-h support for F/V and children's F/V consumption. At the within-subject level, greater maternal encouragement for F/Vs (OR = 2.41) and maternal preparation of F/Vs (OR = 1.43) than usual were associated with increased odds of their child eating F/V during the same 2-h window. At the between-subject level, greater maternal preparation of F/V (OR = 5.99), compared to other mothers, was associated with increased odds of their child eating F/V. Children with lower BMI (vs. higher BMI) were more likely to consume F/Vs when their mothers encouraged them to eat F/V (OR = 0.74). These findings suggest that maternal support may have a strong and immediate effect on children's F/V consumption. Theoretical models on behavior change should consider how explanatory factors, such as parental support, may vary at the momentary level. Boosting maternal support at the momentary level may be a critical component of future mobile-based interventions to address childhood obesity. Individuals who struggle with binge eating often report a history of trauma and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), but there is still a paucity of studies on the relationship between PTSS (as opposed to trauma exposure) and binge eating specifically. The current study aimed to contribute to a small body of literature surrounding the link between PTSS and binge eating. Binge eating may be a behavioral coping mechanism against negative affect; however, it has been proposed that additional psychological mechanisms (e.g. emotion regulation difficulties and emotional eating) may explain the link between PTSS and binge eating. It was hypothesized that increased PTSS severity would predict greater emotion regulation difficulties, leading to greater emotional eating, and ultimately predict more severe binge eating in a trauma-exposed sample. Cross-sectional data were collected from 360 U.S. based MTurk workers (i.e. convenience sample) who reported trauma-exposure. Demographic and relevant covariates were included in the hypothesized serial mediation model and the results suggest a significant effect of PTSS severity on binge eating problems through emotion regulation difficulties and emotional eating. When both mediators were included in the model, the direct effect of PTSS on binge eating severity was no longer significant; thus, the association between PTSS and binge eating was partly explained by emotion regulation difficulties and emotional eating. This study expands the understanding of the mechanisms underlying PTSS and binge eating and provides support for complementing therapy approaches for PTSS with methods that target emotion regulation and acceptance. Owing to its high-temperature tolerance, robustness, and wide use of carbon sources, Candida tropicalis is considered a good candidate microorganism for bioconversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. It also has the intrinsic ability to in situ detoxify aldehydes derived from lignocellulosic hydrolysis. However, the aldehyde reductases that catalyze this bioconversion in C. tropicalis remain unknown. Herein, we found that the uncharacterized open reading frame (ORF), CTRG_02797, from C. tropicalis encodes a novel and broad substrate-specificity aldehyde reductase that reduces at least seven aldehydes. This enzyme strictly depended on NADH rather than NADPH as the co-factor for catalyzing the reduction reaction. Its highest affinity (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax), catalytic rate constant (Kcat), and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) were observed when reducing acetaldehyde (AA) and its enzyme activity was influenced by different concentrations of salts, metal ions, and chemical protective additives. Protein localization assay demonstrated that Ctrg_02797p was localized in the cytoplasm in C. tropicalis cells, which ensures an effective enzymatic reaction. Finally, Ctrg_02797p was grouped into the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CADH) subfamily of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. This research provides guidelines for exploring more uncharacterized genes with reduction activity for detoxifying aldehydes. Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that appears in at least one-third of adult carriers of FMR1 premutation. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. In order to assess whether mitochondrial DNA variants are involved in the risk of developing FXTAS we evaluated the frequency of mitochondrial haplogroups in 132 unrelated Spanish FMR1 premutation carriers. In addition, the entire mitogenome of 26 FMR1 premutation carriers was sequenced using massively parallel sequencing technologies to analyze mitochondrial DNA variants. Statistical analyses reveal a significant difference in the frequency of T haplogroup. Data analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences evidence an association between FXTAS and the burden of heteroplasmic variants as well as their distribution. Our results suggest that haplogroup T might be a potential protective factor for FXTAS and that FXTAS individuals accumulate higher rates of heteroplasmic variants in compromised regions of the mitochondrial genome. These results may explain, in part, the role of mitochondrial DNA in the development of FXTAS. V.PURPOSE To identify anatomical differences in the deltoid tuberosity of Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes, potentially relating to the different uses of the forelimb in these two phylogenetically related species. BASIC PROCEDURES We have used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) to analyze the deltoid tuberosity of scanned humeri from 30 H. sapiens and 27 P. troglodytes. We also used the 3D scans of the humeri to calculate the surface area of the deltoid tuberosity. Finally, we dissected the deltoid muscles of three H. sapiens and three P. troglodytes to determine the relative mass and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of each part of the muscle. MAIN FINDINGS The 3D GM analysis of the deltoid tuberosity identified an anteroposterior enlargement of the P. this website troglodytes tuberosity, with a lateral displacement of the middle segment, whereas in H. sapiens, there was a distal displacement of the middle segment. Muscle architecture analysis indicated higher normalized values ​​of the PCSA of the clavicular and acromial deltoid in P.