Humphreymcnulty2069

Inequitable attitudes toward men's and women's roles, rights, and responsibilities are associated with poor health-related outcomes, particularly for girls and women. Yet, we know relatively little about what interventions work to improve gender-equitable attitudes among adolescents in low-income countries. This study examines the impact of a government-implemented "cash plus" intervention on gender-equitable attitudes among adolescents in Tanzania. The intervention includes discussions and activities related to gender norms, embedded in broader life skills, livelihoods, and health training.

The study utilizes a cluster randomized design, using data from 1,933 males and females aged 14-19 years at baseline who took part in the baseline (2017), midline (2018), and endline (2019) surveys. Gender attitudes were measured using 24 items from the Gender-Equitable Men (GEM) Scale. We estimate intent-to-treat impacts on the GEM scale and four subscales (violence, sexual relationships, reproductive health, and domestic chores).

The "cash plus" intervention had a significant impact on the overall GEM scale at midline. The intervention increased gender-equitable attitudes on the domestic chores subscale at both midline and endline. The intervention improved gender-equitable attitudes among males on the overall GEM scale and three subscales at midline and on two subscales at endline, but it had no impacts among females.

Gender transformative social protection is currently being advocated as a way to address the gendered nature of poverty and its consequences. Initiatives such as the one studied here, which address the multifaceted drivers of gender inequities, could be a promising way forward.

Gender transformative social protection is currently being advocated as a way to address the gendered nature of poverty and its consequences. Initiatives such as the one studied here, which address the multifaceted drivers of gender inequities, could be a promising way forward.

Military sexual trauma (MST) is notably prevalent among military personnel and can result in mental and physical health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). VE822 Although there are several evidence-based treatments for MST-related PTSD, including prolonged exposure (PE) therapy, it is unclear what factors are associated with premature termination (i.e., dropout) from this treatment. Given the popularity of PE as an evidence-based treatment for PTSD, the examination of variables that influence dropout from PE among women veterans with MST is warranted. Identification of these specific factors may assist clinicians in addressing the unique symptom profiles and potential barriers to treatment access for individual MST survivors.

The current study presents secondary data analyses from an ongoing randomized clinical trial that compared the effectiveness of PE delivered in person to delivery via telemedicine for women veterans with MST-related PTSD (n=136).

A total of 50% of participants dropped out from the study (n=68). Difficulties with emotion regulation at baseline were associated with treatment dropout (odds ratio, 1.03; p<.01), whereas baseline PTSD and demographic factors were not.

Findings from the current study indicate that emotion regulation skills deficits contribute to PE dropout and may be an appropriate target to address in future clinical trials for PTSD treatment.

Findings from the current study indicate that emotion regulation skills deficits contribute to PE dropout and may be an appropriate target to address in future clinical trials for PTSD treatment.Definitive treatment to achieve wound healing in major burns frequently include skin transplantation, where split-thickness skin grafts is considered gold standard. This method is associated with several drawbacks. To overcome these hurdles, efforts have been made to develop tissue engineered skin substitutes, often comprised of a combination of cells and biomaterials. In the present study, we aimed to investigate transplantation of autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts seeded on porous gelatin microcarriers using a porcine wound model. Pre-seeded microcarriers were transplanted to a total of 168 surgical full-thickness wounds (2cm diameter) on eight adult female pigs and covered with occlusive dressings. The experimental groups included wounds transplanted with microcarriers seeded with the combination of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, microcarriers seeded with each cell type individually, microcarriers without cells, each cell type in suspension, and NaCl control. Wounds were allowed to heal for one, two, four or eight weeks before being excised and fixated for subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, we confirmed that viable cells populate the surface and the pores of the microcarriers. In vivo, the microcarriers were to a large extent degraded after two weeks. After one week, all treatment groups, with the exception of microcarriers alone, displayed significantly thicker neo-epidermis compared to controls. After two weeks, wounds transplanted with microcarriers seeded with cells displayed significantly thicker neo-epidermis compared to controls. After four weeks there was no difference in the thickness of neo-epidermis. In conclusion, the experiments performed illustrate that autologous cells seeded on porous gelatin microcarriers stimulates the re-epithelialization of wounds. This method could be a promising candidate for skin transplantation. Future studies will focus on additional outcome parameters to evaluate long-term quality of healing following transplantation.

Midwives have their own beliefs and values regarding pain during childbirth. Their preferences concerning labour pain management may influence women's choices.

To gain a deeper understanding of midwives' attitudes and experiences regarding the use of an epidural during normal labour.

A qualitative approach was chosen for data collection. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with midwives working in three different obstetric units in Norway. The transcribed interviews were analysed using Malterud's systematic text condensation.

The analysis provided two main themes "Normal childbirth as the goal" and "Challenges to the practice, knowledge, philosophy and experience of midwives". Distinctive differences in experiences and attitudes were found. The workplace culture in the obstetric units affected the midwives' attitudes and their midwifery practice. How they attended to women with epidural also differed. An epidural was often used as a substitute for continuous support when the obstetric unit was busy.