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Furthermore, pretreatment of zebrafish with TAT-gMnSOD fusion protein reduced the MDA content and increased the survival rate. In addition, the TAT-gMnSOD fusion protein reduced 2-phenoxyethanol toxicity and attenuated excessive anesthesia among zebrafish. read more In conlusion, our cell-permeable TAT-gMnSOD fusion protein effectively counters oxidative stress, prevents environmental stress-induced damage, and increases aquaculture benefits.

Exercise has the potential to improve physical function and quality of life in individuals with bone metastases but is often avoided due to safety concerns. This systematic review summarizes the safety, feasibility and efficacy of exercise in controlled trials that include individuals with bone metastases.

MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, PEDro and CENTRAL databases were searched up to July 16, 2020.

A total of 17 trials were included incorporating aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or soccer interventions. Few (n = 4, 0.5%) serious adverse events were attributed to exercise participation, with none related to bone metastases. Mixed efficacy results were found, with exercise eliciting positive changes or no change. The majority of trials included an element of supervised exercise instruction (n = 16, 94%) and were delivered by qualified exercise professionals (n = 13, 76%).

Exercise appears safe and feasible for individuals with bone metastases when it includes an element of supervised exercise instruction.

Exercise appears safe and feasible for individuals with bone metastases when it includes an element of supervised exercise instruction.

Secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) and cardiovascular diseases induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy represent the main cause of excess mortality for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma patients, especially when the mediastinum is involved. Conformal radiotherapy techniques such as Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) could allow a reduction of the dose to the organs-at-risk (OARs) and therefore limit long-term toxicity.

We performed a systematic review of the current literature regarding comparisons between IMRT and conventional photon beam radiotherapy, or between different IMRT techniques, for the treatment of mediastinal lymphoma.

IMRT allows a substantial reduction of the volumes of OARs exposed to high doses, reducing the risk of long-term toxicity. This benefit is conterbalanced by the increase of volumes receiving low doses, that could potentially increase the risk of SMNs. Treatment planning should be personalized on patient and disease characteristics. Dedicated techniques such as "butterfly" VMAT often provide the best trade-off.

IMRT allows a substantial reduction of the volumes of OARs exposed to high doses, reducing the risk of long-term toxicity. This benefit is conterbalanced by the increase of volumes receiving low doses, that could potentially increase the risk of SMNs. Treatment planning should be personalized on patient and disease characteristics. Dedicated techniques such as "butterfly" VMAT often provide the best trade-off.Diabetes and obesity have become the most popular metabolic diseases in the world. A large number of previous studies have shown that glucose and lipid metabolism disorder is an important risk factor and a main cause of diabetes and obesity. Schistosoma is a parasite transmitted by freshwater snails. It can induce a series of inflammatory and immune reactions after infecting the human body, causing schistosomiasis. However, in recent years, studies have found that Schistosoma infection or Schistosoma related products can improve or prevent some immune and inflammatory diseases, such as severe asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and so on. Further experiments have also revealed that Schistosoma can promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors and regulate the glucose and lipid metabolism in the host body by polarizing immune cells such as T cells, B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we summarize studies that investigated Schistosoma and Schistosoma-derived products and their relationship with glycolipid metabolism and related diseases, highlighting potential protective mechanisms.Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease and one of the most aggressive cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. As a master transcription factor regulating the stress response, NRF2 is often mutated and becomes hyperactive, and thus causes chemo-radioresistance and poor survival in human ESCC. There is a great need to develop NRF2 inhibitors for targeted therapy of NRF2high ESCC. In this review, we mainly focus on three aspects, NRF2 inhibitors and their mechanisms of action, screening novel drug targets, and evaluation of NRF2 activity in the esophagus. A research strategy has been proposed to develop NRF2 inhibitors using human ESCC cells and mouse models.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract whose occurrence is attributed to various factors, including genetic factors, immune response, microbial changes, and oxidative stress. Microbial-targeted therapy has emerged as an alternative to immunosuppressive therapy for IBD.

The effects of an atypical commensal Escherichia coli strain harboring an additional catalase gene (compared to typical E. coli strain) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were explored in mice.

The atypical E. coli (atEc) significantly restored body weight, reduced disease activity score, and improved histological scores in mice with colitis. Hydrogen peroxide levels in colitis mice were noticeably decreased when the mice were administered atEc. The proinflammatory cytokine levels were decreased and regulatory T cell numbers were increased after the administration of atEc. The abundance of Firmicutes was significantly recovered, while that of Proteobacteria decreased in atEc -treated mice compared with that in vehicle-treated wild-type mice. To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-17A in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of the atEc, IL-17A‒knockout mice were orally administered atEc. Clinical and immune responses and microbial composition were significantly reduced in IL-17A‒knockout mice compared with those in wild-type mice.

atEc ameliorates colonic inflammation by controlling hydrogen peroxide levels, immune responses (including regulatory T cells and IL-17A), and microbial composition. atEc could be a novel candidate of probiotic for IBD treatment.

atEc ameliorates colonic inflammation by controlling hydrogen peroxide levels, immune responses (including regulatory T cells and IL-17A), and microbial composition. atEc could be a novel candidate of probiotic for IBD treatment.Folic acid-fortified foods and multi-vitamin supplements containing folic acid (FA) are widely used around the world, but the exact mechanisms/metabolic effects of FA are not precisely identified. We have demonstrated that Ceramide Synthase 6 (CerS6) and C160-ceramide mediate response to folate stress in cultured cells. Here we investigated the dietary FA effects on mouse liver metabolome, with a specific focus on sphingolipids, CerS6 and C160-ceramide. Wild-type and CerS6-/- mice were fed FA-deficient, control, or FA over-supplemented diets for 4 weeks. After dietary treatment, liver concentrations of ceramides, sphingomyelins and hexosylceramides were measured by LC-MS/MS and complemented by untargeted metabolomic characterization of mouse livers. Our study shows that alterations in dietary FA elicit multiple sphingolipid responses mediated by CerS6 in mouse livers. Folic acid-deficient diet elevated C140-, C180- and C200- but not C160-ceramide in WT male and female mice. Additionally, FA over-supplementation increased multiple sphingomyelin species, including total sphingomyelins, in both sexes. Of note, concentrations of C140- and C160-ceramides and hexosylceramides were significantly higher in female livers than in male. The latter were increased by FD diet, with no difference between sexes in total pools of these sphingolipid classes. Untargeted liver metabolomic analysis concurred with the targeted measurements and showed broad effects of dietary FA and CerS6 status on multiple lipid classes including sex-specific effects on phosphatidylethanolamines and diacylglycerols. Our study demonstrates that both dietary FA and CerS6 status exhibit pleiotropic and sex-dependent effects on liver metabolism, including hepatic sphingolipids, diacylglycerols, long chain fatty acids, and phospholipids.Previous work has shown that dietary flaxseed can significantly reduce cardiac damage from a coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction. However, this model uses healthy animals and the ligation creates the infarct in an artificial manner. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary flaxseed can protect the hearts of JCRLA-cp rats, a model of genetic obesity and metabolic syndrome, from naturally occurring myocardial ischemic lesions. Male and female obese rats were randomized into four groups (n = 8 each) to receive, for 12 weeks, either a) control diet (Con), b) control diet supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (CFlax), c) a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet, or d) HFHS supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (HFlax). Male and female JCRLA-cp lean rats served as genetic controls and received similar dietary interventions. In male obese rats, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower in CFlax compared to Con. Obese rats on HFHS exhibited increased myocardial ischemic lesions and diastolic dysfunction regardless of sex. HFlax significantly lowered the frequency of cardiac lesions and improved diastolic function in male and female obese rats compared to HFHS. Blood pressures were similar in obese and lean rats. No aortic atherosclerotic lesions were detectable in any group. Collectively, this study shows that a HFHS diet increased myocardial ischemic lesion frequency and abolished the protective effect of female sex on cardiac function. More importantly, the data demonstrates dietary flaxseed protected against the development of small spontaneous cardiac infarcts despite the ingestion of a HFHS diet and the presence of morbid obesity.

In order to examine the multi-dimensional nature of dyspnea and its impact on the activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with cardio-respiratory and cancer diseases, validated measures are needed.

Our aim was to identify all the multi-dimensional clinical scales assessing dyspnea and its impact on ADLs in patients with cardio-respiratory and cancer diseases, and to critically appraise their psychometric properties.

Five databases were systematically searched up to July 2020. Eligible criteria were the examination of at least one psychometric property, and the recruitment of adults with a cardio-respiratory or cancer disease in non-emergency settings. The characteristics and psychometric properties of the studies included were presented through a narrative synthesis. The methodological quality of the studies and evidence synthesis were rated using the "COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN)" criteria.

Forty-three studies, for which eight assessment scales had been identified, were included in the review.