Huduckworth2931

to certify our findings.The apparent absence of Himalayan low-elevation taxa in the central Indian region and resumption of their distribution in the high elevation of Western Ghats has puzzled biogeographers for several decades. Many theories have been proposed to explain this but attempts remain futile owing to insufficient empirical support. Here, we have employed a montane tree species, Rhododendron arboreum to investigate this pattern by integrating past ecological niche modelling with molecular signatures. Reconstruction of paleo-ecological niche from interglacial to Last Glacial Maxima (LGM) portrayed a gradual depletion of vegetation cover with extreme impoverishment in the Holocene. A similar pattern was also reflected from genetic signatures; population history revealed a very recent split between the Himalayas and Western Ghats in the late Quaternary. A few other tree species exhibiting the same disjunction demonstrated a similar modification of paleo-ecological niche from last interglacial. The study clearly indicated that the populations in the Western Ghats to be a relictual remnants of a once continuous distribution of R. arboreum.

Hypnotics, including benzodiazepines, are extensively and inappropriately prescribed for older people to treat anxiety and sleep disorders, despite the adverse health outcomes associated with their use.

This study aimed to examine the association of the use of long- and short-acting hypnotics with the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Data from 234,634 participants, derived from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013, were examined. Individuals over the age of 50 years were included in the study. The dependent variable was the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Hypnotics were categorized by the period of the prescription of benzodiazepines, i.e., either till the participants were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or the end of the study period (December 31, 2013). Cox regression model was built to analyze the association between variables.

Individuals who used long-acting hypnotics were found to have a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease than non-users. Moreover, among individuals with sleep disorders, those who used hypnotics had a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease than those who did not.

This study identified an association between the use of hypnotics and the risk of Alzheimer's disease among South Korean middle-aged and older people.

This study identified an association between the use of hypnotics and the risk of Alzheimer's disease among South Korean middle-aged and older people.

An association between chronic infectious diseases and development of dementia has been suspected for decades, based on the finding of pathogens in postmortem brain tissue and on serological evidence. However, questions remain regarding confounders, reverse causality, and how accurate, reproducible and generalizable those findings are.

Investigate whether exposure to Herpes simplex (manifested as herpes labialis), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C.pneumoniae), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) modifies the risk of dementia in a populational cohort.

Questionnaires regarding incidence of herpes infections were administered to Original Framingham Study participants (n = 2,632). Serologies for C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, and CMV were obtained in Original (n = 2,351) and Offspring cohort (n = 3,687) participants. Participants are under continuous dementia surveillance. Brain MRI and neuropsychological batteries were administered to Offspring participants from 1999-2005. The association betwexpected result requires confirmation and further characterization, concerning antiviral treatment effects and capture of episodes.

Polypharmacy (using≥5 medications) is associated with poor health outcomes. Mixed results from past studies surrounding chronic medication use, control of chronic conditions, and their effects on cognitive performance warrant further attention.

Investigate a link between polypharmacy and cognition function in rural-dwelling adults in Texas, USA.

Project FRONTIER (Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now Through Intervention, Education & Research) is a cross-sectional epidemiological study using community-based participatory research in three counties of Texas. Residents age > 40 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome is cognitive impairment, and exposures of interest are polypharmacy; comorbidities; and diabetes, hypertension, and depression medication. Logistic regression was used to assess association.

Six hundred eighty-nine individuals participated; the mean age was 61, and the majority were female (68.7%).The median number of medications taken by participants was 3.3 (IQR 0-5); tdentified a large, concerning number of participants with pharmacotherapy and poor chronic disease management. A larger study should examine medication adherence among rural elders to manage chronic disease and any healthcare barriers to adherence.Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway is functionally located downstream of Janus kinases proteins and can integrate signals from diverse pathways, thus regulating several aspects of immune responses. Although contribution of STAT proteins in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions has been confirmed, their role in the development of periodontitis has been less appraised. Thus, we assessed levels of STAT transcripts in the periodontal tissues and circulation of affected individuals compared with the corresponding controls. Expression of STAT1 was remarkably lower in tissues samples of patients compared with control tissues (Ratio of mean expression (RME) = 0.15, SE = 0.99, P value = 0.01). Expression of STAT3 was lower in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.20, SE = 0.95, P value = 0.02). Expression of STAT6 was higher in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.5.38, SE = 0.74, P value less then 0.001). Expressions of other STAT genes were statistically similar in tissues obtained from cases and controls. Panobinostat research buy Moreover, blood levels of all STAT genes were statistically similar between patients and controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations between tissues levels of individual STAT genes as well as between their blood levels. However, tissue and blood levels of each STAT gene were not correlated. The current investigation potentiates the role of certain STAT genes in the development of this immune-related condition and warrants functional assays to clarify the mechanism.