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Fissures were present in five spleens (10%); of these, three showed incomplete fissures and the remaining two had complete fissures that divided the spleen into two lobes.

The findings of this study provide valuable information regarding the anatomy and prevalence of splenic fissures and bilobed spleens. A bilobed spleen is a rare congenital malformation which should be considered distinct from other known splenic anomalies. The presence of splenic fissures in bilobed spleens can serve as a guide for surgeons during conservatory splenectomy procedures.

The findings of this study provide valuable information regarding the anatomy and prevalence of splenic fissures and bilobed spleens. A bilobed spleen is a rare congenital malformation which should be considered distinct from other known splenic anomalies. The presence of splenic fissures in bilobed spleens can serve as a guide for surgeons during conservatory splenectomy procedures.

This study aimed to assess and explore factors affecting diabetes self-management (DSM) among Omani adults with type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2018. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from three referral hospitals in Oman. Data were collected using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire, Empowerment Scale (short form), Medical Outcome Study Social Support Scale, Diabetes Knowledge Test and glycosylated haemoglobin test results. Linear multiple regression analysis was used to explore possible predictors of DSM.

A total of 210 people participated in the study (response rate 87.5%). The majority of participants were female (70.5%) with a mean age of 26.82 ± 8.25 years. The mean score for DSM was 6.8 ± 1.4, which represents 68% of the total maximum score. More than one-third (36.2%) of the participants had poor glycaemic control. The predictors of high levels of DSM were being employed (P = 0.049), earning a low monthly income of less than 300 Omani rials (P = 0.014), having other chronic diseases (P = 0.029), a high diabetes self-efficacy (DSE; P = 0.003) and high social support (SS; P = 0.006).

According to the findings of this study, Omanis with T1DM have suboptimal DSM levels. Factors such as diabetes knowledge, DSE and SS are modifiable factors that can be targeted by interventions from different healthcare professionals to enhance DSM.

According to the findings of this study, Omanis with T1DM have suboptimal DSM levels. Factors such as diabetes knowledge, DSE and SS are modifiable factors that can be targeted by interventions from different healthcare professionals to enhance DSM.

Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disease characterised by a loss of albumin and high-molecular-weight proteins such as thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroid hormones, potentially resulting in subclinical or even overt hypothyroidism. This study aimed to compare thyroid hormone levels between nephrotic children and healthy controls as well as between nephrotic children in the active phase of the disease and those in remission.

This case-control study was conducted between March 2016 and 2018 at a paediatric hospital in Qazvin, Iran. A total of 73 nephrotic children comprised the case group-including 49 with active disease and 24 in remission-while the control group included 74 healthy children. Thyroid function was assessed according to levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), total T4, total T3 and anti-thyroid peroxidase.

All of the controls had normal total T4 levels. Elevated TSH levels were more frequent in nephrotic children compared to controls (34.2% versus 10.8%;

= 0.001). A significantly lower number of patients with active disease were euthyroid compared to those in remission (51% versus 95.8%;

= 0.001). Moreover, 7 (9.5%) of patients in the active and no patient in remission phase had abnormal total T4 levels (

<0.001), while 14.3% and 0% had highly elevated TSH levels (

= 0.002).

Due to the prevalence of subclinical and even overt hypothyroidism, thyroid screening tests may be required for nephrotic children. click here However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Due to the prevalence of subclinical and even overt hypothyroidism, thyroid screening tests may be required for nephrotic children. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Knee bracing as a conservative treatment option for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is of great interest to health practitioners and patients alike. Optimal orthotic knee joint structure is essential to achieve biomechanical and clinical effectiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effects of a knee orthosis with a new two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) joint design on selected gait parameters and in a sit-to-stand task in patients with mild-to-moderate medial KOA.

This study was conducted both at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic in Shahid Modarres Academic Hospital and the Biomechanical Laboratory of Rehabilitation Faculty of Iran University of medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran from September 2015 to October 2017. The gait performance of 16 patients was assessed without an orthosis, using a common one-DOF (DOF) knee orthosis and using the same knee orthosis with a two-DOF orthotic joint design. The interactive shearing force between limb and brace in the shell area during a sit-to-stand test was also identified. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the data.

Compared with walking with no orthosis, both orthosis conditions reduced the external knee adduction moment significantly (

≤0.05). A significant increase between the one-DOF and two-DOF conditions in terms of walking speed (

= 0.041 and

= 0.009, respectively) and stride length (

= 0.028 and

= 0.038, respectively) was observed. In a sit-to-stand test, wearing the orthosis significantly decreased knee transverse plane range of motion (

≤0.05). There was a 41.31 ± 8.34 Newtons reduction in knee flexion constraint force.

The two-DOF knee orthosis was more comfortable compared to the one-DOF knee orthosis during deep knee flexion. Otherwise, the one-DOF- and two-DOF-braces performed similarly.

The two-DOF knee orthosis was more comfortable compared to the one-DOF knee orthosis during deep knee flexion. Otherwise, the one-DOF- and two-DOF-braces performed similarly.