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The mean CSV-1000 score among the patients with increased OBF after CEA (5.44 vs 5.88, p = 0.04) but not among those without increased OBF (5.48 vs 5.95, p = 0.09). The mean CSV-1000 scores increased significantly after CEA in 18 patients with decreased vision and decreased OBF (4.51 vs 5.37, p < 0.001), but not in the 23 patients without those (6.19 vs 6.31, p = 0.6).

CEA may successfully reverse visual dysfunction caused by chronic ocular ischemia due to carotid artery stenosis by increasing OBF.

CEA may successfully reverse visual dysfunction caused by chronic ocular ischemia due to carotid artery stenosis by increasing OBF.

Exogenous SA treatment at appropriate concentrations promotes adventitious root formation in cucumber hypocotyls, via competitive inhibiting the IAA-Asp synthetase activity of CsGH3.5, and increasing the local free IAA level. Adventitious root formation is critical for the cutting propagation of horticultural plants. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been shown to play a central role in regulating this process, while for salicylic acid (SA), its exact effects and regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that exogenous SA treatment at the concentrations of both 50 and 100µM promoted adventitious root formation at the base of the hypocotyl of cucumber seedlings. At these concentrations, SA could induce the expression of CYCLIN and Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDK) genes during adventitious rooting. IAA was shown to be involved in SA-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber hypocotyls. Exposure to exogenous SA led to a slight increase in the free IAA content, and pre-treatment wi indeed repressed the IAA-Asp levels in the rooting zone. These data show that SA plays an inducible role in adventitious root formation in cucumber through competitive inhibition of the auxin conjugation enzyme CsGH3.5. SA reduces the IAA conjugate levels, thereby increasing the local free IAA level and ultimately enhancing adventitious root formation.Enzyme, which exists widely in organisms, has high specificity and high catalytic efficiency for its substrates. The absence, the reduced activity, or the overexpression of enzyme are closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases. Therefore, enzyme is often used as markers for disease detection and treatment. To detect enzyme activity and track drug release, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) bioprobes have been developed because of their excellent photostability and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Among them, peptide-based AIE bioprobes with great biocompatibility and specificity are favored by an increasing number of researchers. Ifenprodil solubility dmso Enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide can cause aggregation of AIE molecules and drug release. In this review, enzyme-responsive peptide-based AIE bioprobes used for biomedical application are summarized according to the three aggregation strategies triggered by various reaction between peptide and enzyme, including enzyme-triggered precipitate, enzyme-catalyzed coupling, and enzyme-instructed self-assembly. By giving some representative examples, we discuss how each aggregation strategy detects enzyme activity and treats the diseases under imaging guidance. Finally, we comment on the current problems and future prospects of enzyme-responsive peptide-based AIE bioprobes.Primary opening of the posterior capsule (primary continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, PCCC) during cataract surgery is a safe and efficient procedure to prevent formation of an aftercataract. When combined with buttonholing of the optic in the posterior capsule opening no unintended rotation of a toric intraocular lens (IOL) can occur postoperatively. This article shows that PCCC can be safely performed even in difficult situations.

Approximately 40% of all open-angle glaucomas do not show high intraocular pressure (IOP). Vascular risk factors play an important role in the pathogeneses of normal pressure glaucoma but high pressure glaucoma is also often accompanied by significant vascular components.

What are the practice relevant possibilities of vascular glaucoma treatment?

An evaluation of scientific articles from PubMed dealing with vascular glaucoma was carried out.

The treatment of vascular risk factors in glaucoma patients requires athorough medical history regarding vascular symptoms (peripheral vasospasm, tinnitus, migraine etc.) and information on the presence of systemic diseases. Furthermore, a 24h blood pressure profile and the determination of the fat metabolism status represent important and simple examinations.

Besides optimizing systemic blood pressure, reducing an increased central retinal venous pressure, treatment with statins, calcium channel blockers, Ginkgo biloba extract, increased physical exercise and fluid replacement are options to ameliorate vascular conditions. An interdisciplinary cooperation with general practitioners and internists is an important component of holistic treatment.

Besides optimizing systemic blood pressure, reducing an increased central retinal venous pressure, treatment with statins, calcium channel blockers, Ginkgo biloba extract, increased physical exercise and fluid replacement are options to ameliorate vascular conditions. An interdisciplinary cooperation with general practitioners and internists is an important component of holistic treatment.

During the last decade Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has been established as asurgical treatment even for complex cases of bullous keratopathy.

In a case series 9eyes from 8patients with chronic corneal edema caused by multiple intraocular operations underwent DMEK surgery. It was the sole surgical procedure in three eyes. In one case DMEK was combined with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, with opacified intraocular lens exchange in asecond case, with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with Iridex micropulse laser (Iridex, Silicon Valley, CA, USA) and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in athird case and with the Tutopatch® (DMR srl, Italy) coverage of ascleral perforation in afourth case. Additionally, DMEK was combined with trimming of the Ahmed valve tube length in two cases. The follow-up period was 12 months.

Out of 9eyes 2 showed apersistent partial or total detachment of the graft with concomitant recurrence of bullous keratopathy despite repeated injection of 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the anterior chamber.