Hubbarddrachmann3484

Human consumption of these fruiting bodies may represent a toxicological risk due to their elevated Cd concentrations.A loss of GABA signaling is a prevailing hypothesis for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Preclinical studies indicate that blockade of the α5 subtype of the GABA receptor (α5-GABAARs) leads to behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, and postmortem evidence indicates lower hippocampal α5-GABAARs protein and mRNA levels in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if α5-GABAARs are altered in vivo or related to symptoms. We investigated α5-GABAARs availability in antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients and antipsychotic-medicated schizophrenia patients using [11C]Ro15-4513 PET imaging in a cross-sectional, case-control study design. Thirty-one schizophrenia patients (n = 10 antipsychotic free) and twenty-nine matched healthy controls underwent a [11C]Ro15-4513 PET scan and MRI. The α5 subtype GABA-A receptor availability was indexed using [11C]Ro15-4513 PET imaging. Dynamic PET data were analyzed using the two-tissue compartment model with an arterial plasma input function and total volume of distribution (VT) as the outcome measure. Symptom severity was assessed using the PANSS scale. There was significantly lower [11C]Ro15-4513 VT in the hippocampus of antipsychotic-free patients, but not in medicated patients (p = 0.64), relative to healthy controls (p  less then  0.05; effect size = 1.4). There was also a significant positive correlation between [11C]Ro15-4513 VT and total PANSS score in antipsychotic-free patients (r = 0.72; p = 0.044). The results suggest that antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia have lower α5-GABAARs levels in the hippocampus, consistent with the hypothesis that GABA hypofunction underlies the pathophysiology of the disorder.BACKGROUND Previous study reported shared decision making was underused in PSA-based prostate cancer screening. In mid-2018, the US Preventive Service Task Force recommended shared decision making (SDM) before PSA-based prostate cancer screening among men aged 55-69 year while remained against PSA testing in men aged 70 or older. The objective of this study is to examine recent changes in SDM and prostate cancer screening following recent USPSTF recommendations. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study among men aged 50 years or older were conducted using 2015 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey data (n = 10,926). Outcomes included self-reported PSA testing for prostate cancer screening last year, and if yes, whether respondent ever had a discussion with the healthcare provider about its advantages and disadvantages. Analyses were stratified by respondent's age (50-54 vs. 55-69 vs. 70+). RESULTS Routine PSA screening rates remained stable from 34.3% in 2015 to 35.4% in first half of 2018, and 36.0% in second half of 2018 (p trend = 0.57). A similar pattern was found in men ≥70 years (p trend = 0.98). see more Receipt of SDM increased in men aged ≥50 years from 30.5% in 2015 to 33.6% in first half of 2018, and 36.7% in second half of 2018 (p trend = 0.002). The increase was most prominent in men aged 55 to 69 years (31.6, 36.9, and 40.2% in 2015, first half of 2018 and second half of 2018 respectively; p trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Between 2015 and 2018, there was no significant increase in the PSA-based prostate cancer screening. However, a significant increasing trend in SDM was observed, especially in men aged 55-69 years.Daratumumab (Dara), a multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, is an antibody against the surface receptor CD38, which is expressed not only on plasma cells but also on NK cells and monocytes. Correlative data have highlighted the immune-modulatory role of Dara, despite the paradoxical observation that Dara regimens decrease the frequency of total NK cells. Here we show that, despite this reduction, NK cells play a pivotal role in Dara anti-MM activity. CD38 on NK cells is essential for Dara-induced immune modulation, and its expression is restricted to NK cells with effector function. We also show that Dara induces rapid CD38 protein degradation associated with NK cell activation, leaving an activated CD38-negative NK cell population. CD38+ NK cell targeting by Dara also promotes monocyte activation, inducing an increase in T-cell costimulatory molecules (CD86/80) and enhancing anti-MM phagocytosis activity ex vivo and in vivo. In support of Dara's immunomodulating role, we show that MM patients that discontinued Dara therapy because of progression maintain targetable unmutated surface CD38 expression on their MM cells, but retain effector cells with impaired cellular immune function. In summary, we report that CD38+ NK cells may be an unexplored therapeutic target for priming the immune system of MM patients.Analysis of observed Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation reveals more increase in extreme precipitation (in terms of its magnitude) over south India compared to north and central India during 1971-2017 (base period 1930-1970). In the future, analysis of precipitation from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment indicates a southward shift of precipitation extremes over South Asia. For instance, the Arabian Sea, south India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia are expected to have the maximum increase (~18.5 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario) in mean extreme precipitation (average precipitation for the days with more than 99th percentile of daily precipitation). However, north and central India and Tibetan Plateau show relatively less increase (~2.7 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario). Analysis of air temperature at 850 mb and precipitable water (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) indicates an intensification of Indian Ocean Dipole in future, which will enhance the monsoon throughout India. Moisture flux and convergence analysis (at 850 mb) show a future change of the direction of south-west monsoon winds towards the east over the Indian Ocean. These changes will intensify the observed contrast in extreme precipitation between south and north India, and cause more extreme precipitation events in the countries like Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia defined by the association of skeletal muscle mass depletion and a decreased physical performance is underdiagnosed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The objective was to assess prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition in hospitalized COPD patients during an acute exacerbation, after 6 months follow-up and the 1-year survival. SUBJECTS/METHODS Hospitalized COPD patients were recruited for the assessment of body composition, handgrip strength, respiratory function, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), during hospitalization and 6 months later. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Adults, malnutrition was defined according to French criteria 2007. Survival data were collected 12 months after hospitalization. RESULTS We analyzed data from 54 patients, aged 68 ± 9 years and BMI 26.9 ± 7.8 kg/m2, with an average FEV1 of 1.13 ± 0.49 l (45 ± 16% predicted value). Sarcopenia and malnutrition prevalence were, respectively, 48% and 52% during hospitalization, 30% and 30% after 6 months. MIP and MEP were lower in sarcopenic patients (p = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, skeletal muscle mass index and MIP were positively correlated at 6 months' follow-up (r = 0.40, p = 0.04). The 1-year survival rate was lower in sarcopenic patients (65 vs 86%, p = 0.03), particularly when malnutrition was associated (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia in COPD patients is highly prevalent during and after recovery of an acute exacerbation, exposing to lower survival. A multimodal management is required to treat sarcopenia and improve prognosis.The prognostic significance of sarcopenia has been widely studied in different cancer patients. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sarcopenia on long-term survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) undergoing hepatic resection. A retrospective analysis of 182 patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM was performed. Sarcopenia was determinedusing the Hounsfield unit average calculation (HUAC), a measure of muscle quality-muscledensity at preoperative abdominal computed tomography scans. Sarcopenia was defined as an HUAC score of less than 22 HU calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The prognostic relevance of clinical variables and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was evaluated. Patients with sarcopenia were older (p 3) (HR 1.750; 95% CI, 1.066-2.872; p = 0.027), high aspartate aminotransferase level (HR 1.024; 95% CI, 1.003-1.046; p = 0.025) and male gender (HR 1.688; 95% CI, 1.036-2.748; p = 0.035) were independent factors of RFS. In conclusion, despite no significance in whole cohort, sarcopenia was predictive of worse OS in patients with multiple CRLM after partial hepatectomy.Under the same selection pressures, two genetically divergent populations may evolve in parallel toward the same adaptive solutions. Here, we hypothesized that magnetotaxis (i.e., magnetically guided chemotaxis) represents a key adaptation to micro-oxic habitats in aquatic sediments and that its parallel evolution homogenized the phenotypes of two evolutionary divergent clusters of freshwater spirilla. All magnetotactic bacteria affiliated to the Magnetospirillum genus (Alphaproteobacteria class) biomineralize the same magnetic particle chains and share highly similar physiological and ultrastructural features. We looked for the processes that could have contributed at shaping such an evolutionary pattern by reconciling species and gene trees using newly sequenced genomes of Magnetospirillum related bacteria. We showed that repeated horizontal gene transfers and homologous recombination of entire operons contributed to the parallel evolution of magnetotaxis. We propose that such processes could represent a more parsimonious and rapid solution for adaptation compared with independent and repeated de novo mutations, especially in the case of traits as complex as magnetotaxis involving tens of interacting proteins. Besides strengthening the idea about the importance of such a function in micro-oxic habitats, these results reinforce previous observations in experimental evolution suggesting that gene flow could alleviate clonal interference and speed up adaptation under some circumstances.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.The structure of the bacteriome associated with grapevine roots can affect plant development, health and grape quality. We previously investigated the bacterial biodiversity of the Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir rhizosphere in a vineyard subjected to integrated pest management. The aim of this work is to characterize the bacteriome of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in a conventionally managed vineyard using a metabarcoding approach. Comparisons between the microbial community structure in bulk soil and rhizosphere (variable space) were performed and shifts of bacteriome according to two sampling times (variable time) were characterized. Bacterial biodiversity was higher at the second than at the first sampling and did not differ according to the variable space. Actinobacteria was the dominant class, with Gaiella as the most represented genus in all the samples. Among Proteobacteria, the most represented classes were Alpha, Beta and Gamma-Proteobacteria, with higher abundance at the second than at the first sampling time.